Synchronous airway lesions in children: an analysis of characteristics and comorbidities.

Objectives: To analyze the characteristics and the associated medical co-morbidities in children with synchronous airway lesions (SALs) found during rigid bronchoscopy.

Methods: Retrospective case series and chart review of patients who were found to have more than one airway lesion after undergoing airway evaluation via rigid endoscopy at a tertiary care pediatric hospital between 2001 and 2011. Patient demographics, presence of associated non-airway pathologies, and the number and types of airway lesions were collected.

Pharmacological AMP-kinase activators have compartment-specific effects on cell physiology.

5'-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) regulates numerous biological events and is an essential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The objectives of the present study were first to determine the compartment-specific effects of three established AMPK activators on Thr172 phosphorylation of the α-subunit, an indicator of AMPK activation. Second, we examined how cytoplasmic and nuclear processes are modulated by pharmacological AMPK activators.