Targeting hematologic malignancies by inhibiting E-selectin: A sweet spot for AML therapy?

E-selectin, a cytoadhesive glycoprotein, is expressed on venular endothelial cells and mediates leukocyte localization to inflamed endothelium, the first step in inflammatory cell extravasation into tissue. Constitutive marrow endothelial E-selectin expression also supports bone marrow hematopoiesis via NF-κB-mediated signaling. Correspondingly, E-selectin interaction with E-selectin ligand (sialyl Lewis) on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells leads to chemotherapy resistance in vivo.

Application of the Frailty Framework among Vulnerable Populations to Hospitalization Outcomes of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness in Long Beach, California.

Background: Individuals experiencing homelessness have a high prevalence of infectious diseases that may result in hospitalization. However, low ability to navigate the healthcare system and lack of health insurance may mean that those who are experiencing homelessness may not receive the healthcare that they need.

Objectives: This study uses risk factors at baseline to predict hospitalization at follow-up.

Daily motivational text messages impact on college students' nutritional awareness and physical activity levels.

To examine the effect of receiving daily motivational text messages on the change in college students' nutritional choices and levels of physical activity. : Two hundred and one university students participated in an eight-week experimental/control group study. All participants received a brochure that contained nutritional and physical-activity information.

Rectal douching in a community sample of men and women.

Rectal douching (RD) may be a vector for sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between RD, and the prevalence of various STIs and sexual behaviors in a sample of women and men in Long Beach, California. Five hundred and forty-seven men (mean age 42.

Gender differences in risk taking behaviors for trachomatis.

trachomatis (CT) is a global problem. We compared the risk taking behaviors for CT infection between men and women. Adults (2299 females, 5559 males) were administered the Risk Behavior Assessment.

The Role of the Medicaid Expansion in the Use of Preventive Health Care Services in California Men.

Men's use of preventive care services may be constrained due to a number of factors including lack of health care insurance. California used the Medicaid expansion provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to enroll low-income men between the ages of 18 and 64 years in publicly funded health insurance. Most studies on the effect of the ACA on health care services have focused on racial/ethnic differences rather than gender.

Survival Sex Trading in Los Angeles County, California, USA.

Most studies on survival sex, defined as sex trading for money, drugs, , have limited their focus to adolescents. The current study reports about the relationships between survival sex trading (SST) and high-risk behaviors in a sample of adults. Bivariate analysis shows that HIV-positive status, use of cocaine, ketamine, methamphetamine, heroin, having received drug treatment, and having received medical services are associated with SST.

Arrest and Trait Aggression Correlates of Emergency Department Use.

This study examined the associations between arrest and incarceration, trait aggression, and emergency department (ED) use. Data were collected from 525 clients who visited the Center for Behavioral Research and Services in Long Beach, CA, using the following instruments: Risk Behavior Assessment, Risk Behavior Follow-Up Assessment, the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), the Displaced AQ, and the parole and Legal Status section of the Addiction Severity Index. The bivariate analysis suggested that ED use was significantly associated with trait aggression and trait-displaced aggression among those with a history of incarceration.

Health implications of sex trading characteristics in Long Beach, California, USA.

This study examined the comparative health risk behaviors of women who (a) traded sex for money, (b) traded sex for drugs, (c) traded sex for both drugs and money, or (d) did not trade sex. Self-report data were collected from 2369 women who received services through HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing programs and a subset were tested for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis. Results revealed those women who traded sex only for money used condoms, were tested for HIV, and received the HIV test results more often than the other women.

A latent class analysis of alcohol and drug use immediately before or during sex among women.

Background: Alcohol and drug use by women is related to high-risk sexual practices and protective behaviors.

Objectives: To determine sexual risk and protective behaviors using information about women's drug use immediately before or during sex.

Methods: Latent class analysis using PROC LCA in SAS software was used to determine classes of women using both past 30-day drug use and before or during sex.

Comparisons of New HIV Rapid Test Kit Performance.

The development of rapid point-of-care tests for HIV infection has greatly reduced the problem of failure to return for test results. Test manufacturers are now developing test kits that can test for two or even three diseases at the same time, multiple-disease test kits. This study reports on the sensitivity and specificity of HIV tests when included on multi-disease test kits.

Pharmacokinetic Properties of a Sufentanil Sublingual Tablet Intended to Treat Acute Pain.

Background: Desirable product attributes for treatment of moderate-to-severe acute pain in many medically supervised settings are rapid onset and a route of administration not requiring intravenous access. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of sublingually administered tablets containing 15 or 30 µg of sufentanil are described.

Methods: Blood was sampled from healthy subjects (four studies, 122 subjects) and patients (seven studies, 944 patients).

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of MOD-4023, a Long-Acting Human Growth Hormone, in Growth Hormone Deficiency Children.

Background/aims: MOD-4023 is a long-acting human growth hormone (hGH) in clinical trials for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD). A key goal is maintenance of serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 within normal range throughout GH dosing. The study aimed to develop a pharmacokinetic model for MOD-4023 and a pharmacodynamic model for the effect of MOD-4023 on IGF-1 to allow estimation of peak and mean IGF-1 and to identify the optimal IGF-1 sampling day.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Aggression, and Illicit Stimulant Use: Is This Self-Medication?

This study compares adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on measures of direct and displaced aggression and illicit drug use. Three hundred ninety-six adults were administered the Wender Utah Rating Scale, the Risk Behavior Assessment, the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), and the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire (DAQ). Those with ADHD were higher on all scales of the AQ and DAQ, were younger at first use of amphetamines, and were more likely to have ever used crack and amphetamines.

Failure to get into substance abuse treatment.

Among substance abusers in the US, the discrepancy in the number who access substance abuse treatment and the number who need treatment is sizable. This results in a major public health problem of access to treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics of Persons Who Use Drugs (PWUDs) that either hinder or facilitate access to treatment.

The effect of weight, body mass index, age, sex, and race on plasma concentrations of subcutaneous sumatriptan: a pooled analysis.

Objective/background: Factors such as body size (weight and body mass index [BMI]), age, sex, and race might influence the clinical response to sumatriptan. We evaluated the impact of these covariates on the plasma concentration (Cp) profile of sumatriptan administered subcutaneously.

Methods: We conducted three pharmacokinetic studies of subcutaneous sumatriptan in 98 healthy adults.

A Randomized Trial Comparing the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of DFN-02, an Intranasal Sumatriptan Spray Containing a Permeation Enhancer, With Intranasal and Subcutaneous Sumatriptan in Healthy Adults.

Objective/background: Intranasal sumatriptan (Imitrex ) may be an alternative for patients who refuse injections and cannot tolerate oral agents, but due to low bioavailability and slow absorption, the clinical utility of the currently marketed formulation is limited, highlighting an unmet need for an effective non-oral migraine medication with a rapid onset of action. To overcome the slow absorption profile associated with intranasal administration, we evaluated the impact of 1-O-n-Dodecyl-β-D-Maltopyranoside (DDM, Intravail A-3™), a permeation enhancer, on sumatriptan's pharmacokinetic profile by comparing the pharmacokinetic characteristics of two commercial sumatriptan products, 4 mg subcutaneous and 6 mg subcutaneous in healthy adults, with DFN-02 - a novel intranasal agent comprised of sumatriptan 10 mg plus 0.20% DDM.

Using the Bem and Klein Grid Scores to Predict Health Services Usage by Men.

We examined the association between scores on the Bem Sex Roles Inventory (BSRI), Klein Sexual Orientation Grid, and utilization of hospital inpatient services, emergency departments, and outpatient clinic visits in the past 12 months among 53 men (mean age 39 years). The femininity subscale score on the BSRI, ever having had gonorrhea and age were the three variables identified in a multivariate linear regression significantly predicting use of total health services. This supports the hypothesis that sex roles can assist our understanding of men's use of health services.

Impulsiveness, and trait displaced aggression among drug using female sex traders.

Objective: This study compared women who sex trade for drugs, money, or both compared to neither (did not sex trade), and introduced the concept of trait displaced aggression to the literature on sex trading.

Methods: Female participants (n=1055) were recruited from a low-income area of southern California. Measures included: the Risk Behavior Assessment (RBA), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), Eysenck Impulsiveness Scale (EIS), and the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire (DAQ).

A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study of a Single-Session Psychoeducation Treatment for Urban, Culturally Diverse, Trauma-Exposed Adults.

This randomized pilot study aimed to determine whether a single session of psychoeducation improved mental health outcomes, attitudes toward treatment, and service engagement among urban, impoverished, culturally diverse, trauma-exposed adults. Sixty-seven individuals were randomly assigned to a single-session psychoeducation treatment or a delayed treatment comparison control group. The control group was found to be superior to the treatment group at posttest with respect to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and occupational and family disability.

Application of the Extended Health Control Belief Model to Predict Hepatitis A and B Vaccinations.

Background: Adult vaccination compliance rates vary according to sample and type of vaccine administered (influenza, pneumococcal). This study looked at vaccination of a community sample of low-income, minority adults.

Methods: Nurses offered free vaccination for hepatitis A and B in the form of the combined Twinrix vaccine to adults on a walk-in basis.