Risk-Based Control Strategies of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants.

Since the first approval of the anti-CD3 recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb), muromonab-CD3, a mouse antibody for the prevention of transplant rejection, by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986, mAb therapeutics have become increasingly important to medical care. A wealth of information about mAbs regarding their structure, stability, post-translation modifications, and the relationship between modification and function has been reported. Yet, substantial resources are still required throughout development and commercialization to have appropriate control strategies to maintain consistent product quality, safety, and efficacy.

Dual Wavelength-Triggered Gold Nanorods for Anticancer Treatment.

Gold nanomaterials with light-responsive properties can be exploited as light-triggered delivery vehicles to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Additionally, different wavelengths of light can be utilized to achieve the combined effects of light-triggered release of therapeutics and light-induced localized heating, which results in improved anticancer efficacy. Herein, we describe methods to develop gold nanorod (AuNR) complexes that provide drug delivery or photothermal therapy when activated by ultraviolet (UV) or near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths of light, respectively.

Transformable liquid-metal nanomedicine.

To date, numerous inorganic nanocarriers have been explored for drug delivery systems (DDSs). However, the clinical application of inorganic formulations has often been hindered by their toxicity and failure to biodegrade. We describe here a transformable liquid-metal nanomedicine, based on a core-shell nanosphere composed of a liquid-phase eutectic gallium-indium core and a thiolated polymeric shell.

A dual wavelength-activatable gold nanorod complex for synergistic cancer treatment.

A multifunctional gold nanorod (AuNR) complex is described with potential utility for theranostic anticancer treatment. The AuNR was functionalized with cyclodextrin for encapsulation of doxorubicin, with folic acid for targeting, and with a photo-responsive dextran-azo compound for intracellular controlled drug release. The interaction of a AuNR complex with HeLa cells was facilitated via a folic acid targeting ligand as displayed in the dark-field images of cells.

Programmable nanomedicine: synergistic and sequential drug delivery systems.

Recent developments in nanomedicine for the cancer therapy have enabled programmable delivery of therapeutics by exploiting the stimuli-responsive properties of nanocarriers. These therapeutic systems were designed with the relevant chemical and physical properties that respond to different triggers for enhanced anticancer efficacy, including the reduced development of drug-resistance, lower therapeutic dose, site-specific transport, and spatiotemporally controlled release. This minireview discusses the current advances in programmable nanocarriers for cancer therapy with particular emphasis on synergistic and sequential drug delivery systems.

Small-molecule detection in thiol-yne nanocomposites via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is generally performed on planar surfaces, which can be difficult to prepare and may limit the interaction of the sensing surface with targets in large volume samples. We propose that nanocomposite materials can be configured that both include SERS probes and provide a high surface area-to-volume format, i.e.

Self-folded redox/acid dual-responsive nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery.

Self-folded redox/acid dual-responsive nanocarriers (RAD-NCs) are developed for physiologically triggered delivery of anticancer drugs. The evidenced redox/acid responsiveness, facile decoration of ligands, and active tumor-targeting capability of RAD-NCs suggest their potential as a promising formulation for tumor-targeted chemotherapy.

A temperature microsensor for measuring laser-induced heating in gold nanorods.

Measuring temperature is an extensively explored field of analysis, but measuring a temperature change in a nanoparticle is a new challenge. Here, a microsensor is configured to measure temperature changes in gold nanorods in solution upon laser irradiation. The device consists of a silicon wafer coated with silicon nitride in which a microfabricated resistance temperature detector was embedded and attached to a digital multimeter.

Interrogating the catalytic mechanism of nanoparticle mediated Stille coupling reactions employing bio-inspired Pd nanocatalysts.

To address issues concerning the global environmental and energy state, new catalytic technologies must be developed that translate ambient and efficient conditions to heavily used reactions. To achieve this, the structure/function relationship between model catalysts and individual reactions must be critically discerned to identify structural motifs responsible for the reactivity. This is especially true for nanoparticle-based systems where this level of information remains limited.

Biological surface effects of metallic nanomaterials for applications in assembly and catalysis.

Recent experimental evidence has suggested that bioinspired techniques represent promising avenues toward the production of functional nanomaterials that possess a high degree of activity. These materials are prepared under synthetically simple and efficient conditions, thus making them attractive alternatives to many traditional methods that employ hazardous and harsh conditions. Many biomimetic methods employ peptide and amino acid binding events on the surfaces of nanostructures to generate materials that are stable in solution.

Employing high-resolution materials characterization to understand the effects of Pd nanoparticle structure on their activity as catalysts for olefin hydrogenation.

Recent developments in nanotechnology have led to the production of new materials with a wide array of applications, particularly in catalysis. Because of their small size, nanoparticles have a maximized surface-to-volume ratio, thus making them attractive targets for use as catalytic structures; however, the number of analytical techniques available to fully characterize materials on such a size scale is quite limited. As a result, a complete understanding of the entire nanoparticle structure remains unclear, especially when considering the active structural motif from which the specific activity arises.

Biomimetic synthesis of Pd nanocatalysts for the Stille coupling reaction.

Here we report on the biomimetic synthesis of Pd nanoparticles for use as models of green catalytic systems. The nanomaterials are synthesized using peptides isolated via phage-display techniques that are specific to Pd surfaces. Using this synthetic strategy, peptide-functionalized Pd nanoparticles of 1.