Debunking a mythology: Atelectasis is not a cause of postoperative fever.

Most physicians appreciate that practicing medicine is a commitment to continuous learning. However, "learning" can be mistakenly understood as simply the acquisition of facts and new knowledge. But learning also necessitates the constant re-examination and challenging of one's existing body of knowledge, as misinformation persists when one's beliefs are not challenged or questioned in the light of new information.

Safety and efficacy of rodatristat ethyl for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (ELEVATE-2): a dose-ranging, randomised, multicentre, phase 2b trial.

Background: The role of serotonin in pulmonary arterial hypertension has been extensively studied in recent decades, with preclinical data strongly indicating involvement in disease pathogenesis; however, clinical studies have yielded mixed results.

Methods: ELEVATE-2 was a phase 2b dose-ranging, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial investigating rodatristat ethyl as a treatment for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The study was conducted at 64 sites across 16 countries in Europe and North America.

Design and implementation of an asynchronous online course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) in computational genomics.

As genomics technologies advance, there is a growing demand for computational biologists trained for genomics analysis but instructors face significant hurdles in providing formal training in computer programming, statistics, and genomics to biology students. Fully online learners represent a significant and growing community that can contribute to meet this need, but they are frequently excluded from valuable research opportunities which mostly do not offer the flexibility they need. To address these opportunity gaps, we developed an asynchronous course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) for computational genomics specifically for fully online biology students.

Closed Reduction Techniques Are Associated With Fewer Complications Than Open Reductions in Treating Moderately Displaced Pediatric Lateral Humeral Condyle Fractures: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Lateral humeral condyle (LC) fractures are the second most common pediatric elbow fractures. Traditionally, displaced fractures have been treated with open reduction although recent studies have demonstrated successful outcomes of closed reduction for similar injuries. This study investigates the outcomes comparing open and closed reduction in a large cohort of children with moderately displaced (Song classification types 1 to 4) lateral humeral condyle fractures.

Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Displaced Proximal Humerus Fractures in Adolescents: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHFx) constitute around 2% of all pediatric fractures. Although younger children with displaced fractures often undergo nonoperative treatments, optimal treatment for adolescents is not well defined. The study aimed to assess the outcomes of operative versus nonoperative treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures in adolescents via a prospective multicenter study.

The impact of race and other demographic factors on the false positive rates of five embedded Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) in a Veteran sample.

Introduction: It is common to use normative adjustments based on race to maintain accuracy when interpreting cognitive test results during neuropsychological assessment. However, embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) do not adjust for these racial differences and may result in elevated rates of false positives in African American/Black (AA) samples compared to European American/White (EA) samples.

Methods: Veterans without Major Neurocognitive Disorder completed an outpatient neuropsychological assessment and were deemed to be performing in a valid manner (e.

Risk Factors for Stiffness After Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Humeral Lateral Condyle Fractures: Results of a Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Pediatric humeral lateral condyle fractures are the second most common elbow fractures. Their treatment presents challenges due to physeal and intra-articular involvement. Postoperative stiffness is a common concern that can limit limb functionality.

Taxonomic structure in a set of abstract concepts.

A large portion of human knowledge comprises "abstract" concepts that lack readily perceivable properties (e.g., "love" and "justice").

Is There a Role for Isolated Closed Reduction in the Emergency Department Without Fixation for Displaced Proximal Humerus Fractures in Adolescents?

Objective: Pediatric proximal humerus fractures (PHFx) are uncommon and makeup ~2% of all pediatric fractures. Traditionally, most cases are treated nonoperatively with closed reduction (CR) or immobilization with no reduction (INR) with excellent outcomes. Indications for CR without fixation remain unclear as immobilization in the position of reduction (shoulder abduction and external rotation) is not practical.

When Failing One Performance Validity Test Matters.

There appears to be a lack of consensus regarding how best to interpret cognitive test findings when there is a failure on only one Performance Validity Test (PVT). The current study examined the impact of failing one freestanding, forced-choice, memory-based (Fr-FC-MB) PVT across two memory measures in a large sample of veterans ( = 1,353). The impact of failing zero, one, or two Fr-FC-MB PVTs (Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 or the Medical Symptom Validity Test) on subsequent memory measures was examined (California Verbal Learning Test-II [CVLT-II], Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-R [BVMT-R]).

Association of race and socioeconomic status with time to pain control among pediatric trauma patients managed nonoperatively.

Background: Few studies have evaluated racial/ethnic inequities in acute pain control among hospitalized injured children. We hypothesized that there would be inequities in time to pain control based on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all injured children (7-18 years) admitted to our level 1 trauma center between 2010 and 2019 with initial recorded numerical rating scale (NRS) scores of >3 who were managed nonoperatively.

K-wire Versus Screw Fixation in Displaced Lateral Condyle Fractures of the Humerus in Children: A Multicenter Study of 762 Fractures.

Introduction: Lateral humeral condyle fractures account for 12% to 20% of all distal humerus fractures in the pediatric population. When surgery is indicated, fixation may be achieved with either Kirschner-wires or screws. The literature comparing the outcomes of these 2 different fixation methods is currently limited.

Trying times: an experience of early pandemic COVID-19 diagnosis and enduring long COVID.

https://bit.ly/3A7JCpZ.

Spica Casting of Pediatric Femur Fractures: The Pain Management Experience at One Institution.

Objectives Currently, very little literature exists regarding the "fifth vital sign" in pediatric orthopedics, pain. Multiple studies have highlighted the utility of non-narcotic pain medications in treating acute pain. The objective of this study is to determine the type and amount of pain medication(s) administered and subsequently prescribed to pediatric patients ages six months to five years old with femur fractures treated with spica casting in the ER (emergency room) and OR (operative room).

A trial design to maximize knowledge of the effects of rodatristat ethyl in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (ELEVATE 2).

Serotonin plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the pathobiology associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Platelet-driven and locally produced serotonin from lung tissue and arterial endothelial cells induce excessive growth of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. The unchecked growth of these cells is a major driver of PAH including the remodeling of pulmonary arteries that dramatically reduces the diameter and flexibility of the arterial lumen.

Open Reduction and Internal Screw Fixation of Transitional Ankle Fractures in Adolescents.

Unlabelled: A triplane fracture is an example of a transitional fracture of adolescence that occurs because the distal tibial physis closes in a predictably asymmetric way from central to medial and then lateral. The triplane fracture is so named because the fracture lines propagate in 3 planes (axial, sagittal, and coronal) and thus appear on radiographs as a Salter-Harris III pattern on anteroposterior images and Salter-Harris II or IV on lateral images. The fracture occurs via a twisting mechanism (usually supination and external rotation) through the relatively weak open portion of the physis (axial) and propagates out the metaphysis (coronal) and/or epiphysis (sagittal) at the transition to the relatively stronger closed portion of the physis.

Self-reported disability-seeking predicts PVT failure in veterans undergoing clinical neuropsychological evaluation.

This study examined disability-related factors as predictors of PVT performance in Veterans who underwent neuropsychological evaluation for clinical purposes, not for determination of disability benefits. Participants were 1,438 Veterans who were seen for clinical evaluation in a VA Medical Center's Neuropsychology Clinic. All were administered the TOMM, MSVT, or both.

Patient experiences of biologic treatment for severe asthma: the good, the outstanding and the deeply frustrating.

https://bit.ly/3DJVmxP.

Dynamic Supination in Congenital Clubfoot: A Modified Delphi Panel Approach to Standardizing Definitions and Indications for Treatment.

Background: Dynamic supination is a well-recognized cause of congenital clubfoot deformity relapse. However, there is no consensus on how to diagnose it and there are varied approaches in its management. This study aims to define dynamic supination and indications for treatment by presenting consensus from an international panel of experts using a modified Delphi panel approach.

Physiotherapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic low back pain: A mixed-methods treatment fidelity evaluation.

Objectives: A randomized controlled trial of a new type of Physiotherapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (PACT), found that it improved functioning in people with chronic low back pain compared to usual physiotherapy care. Fidelity evaluation is necessary to understand trial processes and outcomes. This study evaluated PACT treatment fidelity including delivery, receipt, and enactment.

The discovAIR project: a roadmap towards the Human Lung Cell Atlas.

The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) consortium aims to establish an atlas of all organs in the healthy human body at single-cell resolution to increase our understanding of basic biological processes that govern development, physiology and anatomy, and to accelerate diagnosis and treatment of disease. The Lung Biological Network of the HCA aims to generate the Human Lung Cell Atlas as a reference for the cellular repertoire, molecular cell states and phenotypes, and cell-cell interactions that characterise normal lung homeostasis in healthy lung tissue. Such a reference atlas of the healthy human lung will facilitate mapping the changes in the cellular landscape in disease.

The treatment burden of cystic fibrosis: a day-to-day experience with treatment as someone with cystic fibrosis.

https://bit.ly/36PZnSL.

The patient perspective of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: disease burden and unmet needs.

https://bit.ly/3rrYS9s.

How treatment burden affects the carer: the experiences of three individuals, a mother, a daughter and a husband.

https://bit.ly/3oekJjo.