Investigating the impact of temperature on growth rate of the root rot fungus, Gymnopus fusipes.

is an understudied root rot pathogen associated with multiple tree species and is linked to episodes of oak decline across the United Kingdom and Europe. Although the reported distribution of is broad, many observations rely solely on visual identification of fruiting bodies, which can be unreliable, and lack confirmation by molecular and/or isolation data to verify this broad ecological range. Given the paucity of information regarding the true ecological distribution of , it is difficult to predict and model the potential distribution of the species under both current and future climate scenarios.

Two novel species associated with bleeding cankers of broadleaf hosts, sp. nov. and sp. nov.

Seventeen Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from bleeding cankers of various broadleaf hosts and oak rhizosphere soil in Great Britain. The strains were tentatively identified as belonging to the genus based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), based on four protein-encoding genes (, , , and ), separated the strains into three clusters within the genus clade.

Corrigendum to "Effects of feed additives on rumen function and bacterial and archaeal communities during a starch and fructose challenge" (J. Dairy Sci. 106:8787-8808).

Heifers (n = 40) were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups: (1) control (no additives); (2) virginiamycin (VM; 200 mg/d); (3) monensin (MT; 200 mg/d) + tylosin (110 mg/d); (4) monensin (MLY; 220 mg/d) + live yeast (5.0 × 10 cfu/d); (5) sodium bicarbonate (BUF; 200 g/d) + magnesium oxide (30 g/d).

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1478-1549.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , on whitefly, on bark of , from soil under , on leaf spot of , and on leaf spot of . , on fully submersed siliceous schist in high-mountain streams, and on the lower part and apothecial discs of on a twig. , on decaying wood, from moist soil with leaf litter, on a trunk of a living unknown hardwood tree species, and on dead twigs of unidentified plant.

New and Interesting Fungi. 6.

Three new genera, six new species, three combinations, six epitypes, and 25 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera: (based on ), and (based on ). New species: (from cooling pad water, USA, (on dead wood of sp.

Deep learning approaches for seizure video analysis: A review.

Seizure events can manifest as transient disruptions in the control of movements which may be organized in distinct behavioral sequences, accompanied or not by other observable features such as altered facial expressions. The analysis of these clinical signs, referred to as semiology, is subject to observer variations when specialists evaluate video-recorded events in the clinical setting. To enhance the accuracy and consistency of evaluations, computer-aided video analysis of seizures has emerged as a natural avenue.

Identification of the mechanism for dehalorespiration of monofluoroacetate in the phylum Synergistota.

Objective: Monofluoroacetate (MFA) is a potent toxin that blocks ATP production via the Krebs cycle and causes acute toxicity in ruminants consuming MFA-containing plants. The rumen bacterium, Cloacibacillus porcorum strain MFA1 belongs to the phylum Synergistota and can produce fluoride and acetate from MFA as the end-products of dehalorespiration. The aim of this study was to identify the genomic basis for the metabolism of MFA by this bacterium.

Recent Advances in Enteric Methane Mitigation and the Long Road to Sustainable Ruminant Production.

Mitigation of methane emission, a potent greenhouse gas, is a worldwide priority to limit global warming. A substantial part of anthropogenic methane is emitted by the livestock sector, as methane is a normal product of ruminant digestion. We present the latest developments and challenges ahead of the main efficient mitigation strategies of enteric methane production in ruminants.

Bacteria Associated with Acute Oak Decline: Where Did They Come From? We Know Where They Go.

Acute oak decline is a high-impact disease causing necrotic lesions on the trunk, crown thinning and the eventual death of oak. Four bacterial species are associated with the lesions-, , and -although an epi-/endophytic lifestyle has also been suggested for these bacteria. However, little is known about their environmental reservoirs or their pathway to endophytic colonisation.

The extent of nitrogen isotopic fractionation in rumen bacteria is associated with changes in rumen nitrogen metabolism.

Nitrogen use efficiency is an important index in ruminants and can be indirectly evaluated through the N isotopic discrimination between the animal and its diet (Δ15Nanimal-diet). The concentration and source of N may determine both the extent of the N isotopic discrimination in bacteria and N use efficiency. We hypothesised that the uptake and release of ammonia by rumen bacteria will affect the natural 15N enrichment of the bacterial biomass over their substrates (Δ15Nbacteria-substrate) and thereby further impacting Δ15Nanimal-diet.

Effects of feed additives on rumen function and bacterial and archaeal communities during a starch and fructose challenge.

The objective of this study was to improve understandings of the rumen microbial ecosystem during ruminal acidosis and responses to feed additives to improve prudent use strategies for ruminal acidosis control. Rumen bacterial and archaeal community composition (BCC) and its associations with rumen fermentation measures were examined in Holstein heifers fed feed additives and challenged with starch and fructose. Heifers (n = 40) were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups: (1) control (no additives); (2) virginiamycin (VM; 200 mg/d); (3) monensin (MT; 200 mg/d) + tylosin (110 mg/d); (4) monensin (MLY; 220 mg/d) + live yeast (5.

Multi-omics in vitro study of the salivary modulation of the goat rumen microbiome.

Ruminants are able to produce large quantities of saliva which enter into the rumen and salivary components exert different physiological functions. Although previous research has indicated that salivary immunoglobulins can partially modulate the rumen microbial activity, the role of the salivary components other than ions on the rumen microbial ecosystem has not been thoroughly investigated in ruminants. To investigate this modulatory activity, a total of 16 semi-continuous in vitro cultures with oats hay and concentrate were used to incubate rumen fluid from four donor goats with autoclaved saliva (AUT) as negative control, saliva from the same rumen fluid donor (OWN) as positive control, and either goat (GOAT) or sheep (SHEEP) saliva as experimental interventions.

Detection of changes in regional colonic fermentation in response to supplementing a low FODMAP diet with dietary fibres by hydrogen concentrations, but not by luminal pH.

Background: Carbohydrate fermentation plays a pivotal role in maintaining colonic health with excessive proximal and deficient distal fermentation being detrimental.

Aims: To utilise telemetric gas- and pH-sensing capsule technologies for defining patterns of regional fermentation following dietary manipulations, alongside conventional techniques of measuring fermentation.

Methods: In a double-blind crossover trial, 20 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were fed low FODMAP diets that included no extra fibre (total fibre content 24 g/day), or additional poorly fermented fibre, alone (33 g/day) or with fermentable fibre (45 g/day) for 2 weeks.

Vision-based activity recognition in children with autism-related behaviors.

Advances in machine learning and contactless sensors have enabled the understanding complex human behaviors in a healthcare setting. In particular, several deep learning systems have been introduced to enable comprehensive analysis of neuro-developmental conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This condition affects children from their early developmental stages onwards, and diagnosis relies entirely on observing the child's behavior and detecting behavioral cues.

A Global Assessment of the State of Plant Health.

The Global Plant Health Assessment (GPHA) is a collective, volunteer-based effort to assemble expert opinions on plant health and disease impacts on ecosystem services based on published scientific evidence. The GPHA considers a range of forest, agricultural, and urban systems worldwide. These are referred to as (Ecoregion × Plant System), i.

Description of Dryocola gen. nov. and two novel species, Dryocola boscaweniae sp. nov. and Dryocola clanedunensis sp. nov. isolated from the rhizosphere of native British oaks.

While investigating the role of the rhizosphere in the development of Acute Oak Decline, bacterial strains belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from rhizosphere soil following enrichment for the Enterobacterales. Partial sequencing of several housekeeping genes showed that these strains could not be assigned to an existing genus. Overall, 16 strains were investigated using a polyphasic approach to determine their taxonomic status.

Transfer of and to a novel genus gen. nov. as comb. nov. and comb. nov. and description of sp. nov., isolated from bleeding cankers on broadleaf hosts.

Following a screening campaign of bleeding cankers of broadleaf hosts in Great Britain, numerous bacterial strains were isolated, identified by 16S rRNA and protein-coding gene sequencing and ultimately classified. During the course of the study, several Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic strains were isolated from bleeding x (London plane) and x (common lime) cankers that could not be assigned to an existing species. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing placed these strains in the genus , as a close phylogenetic relative of .

Description of a novel species of Leclercia, Leclercia tamurae sp. nov. and proposal of a novel genus Silvania gen. nov. containing two novel species Silvania hatchlandensis sp. nov. and Silvania confinis sp. nov. isolated from the rhizosphere of oak.

Background: Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is a decline disease first reported on native oaks in the UK, but in recent years reports from further afield such as Europe and the Middle East, indicate that the distribution and host range is increasing at an alarming rate. The stem weeping symptoms of the disease partially develop due to polymicrobial-host interaction, caused by several members of the order Enterobacterales. While investigating the rhizosphere soil of AOD-unaffected trees, termed 'healthy' trees, and diseased oaks suffering from Acute Oak Decline (AOD), an enrichment method designed for enhanced recovery of Enterobacterales led to the recovery of several isolates that could not be classified as any existing species.

Generalized Generative Deep Learning Models for Biosignal Synthesis and Modality Transfer.

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a revolutionary innovation in machine learning that enables the generation of artificial data. Artificial data synthesis is valuable especially in the medical field where it is difficult to collect and annotate real data due to privacy issues, limited access to experts, and cost. While adversarial training has led to significant breakthroughs in the computer vision field, biomedical research has not yet fully exploited the capabilities of generative models for data generation, and for more complex tasks such as biosignal modality transfer.

Description of three novel species of : sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from the oak rhizosphere and bleeding cankers of broadleaf hosts.

While investigating the bacterial populations of environmental samples taken from a mix of healthy and Acute Oak Decline afflicted (pedunculate or English oak) rhizosphere soil samples and swabs of bleeding lesions on spp. (lime) and (red oak) trees, several strains belonging to the order were isolated using selective media and enrichment broth. Seven strains from the rhizosphere, three strains from spp.

sp. nov., isolated from symptomatic and trees in the UK.

Several strains of a previously undescribed bacterial species were isolated from mature hybrid trees suffering from bleeding cankers at various geographic locations in the UK. The strains were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and partial sequencing of the gene revealed that the strains belong to the genus with the closest phylogenetic neighbours being and . Further investigation using a polyphasic approach was undertaken to determine the taxonomic position of the novel species.

BSACI guideline for the set-up of penicillin allergy de-labelling services by non-allergists working in a hospital setting.

The Standards of Care Committee of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) and a committee of experts and key stakeholders have developed this guideline for the evaluation and testing of patients with an unsubstantiated label of penicillin allergy. The guideline is intended for UK clinicians who are not trained in allergy or immunology, but who wish to develop a penicillin allergy de-labelling service for their patients. It is intended to supplement the BSACI 2015 guideline "Management of allergy to penicillin and other beta-lactams" and therefore does not detail the epidemiology or aetiology of penicillin allergy, as this is covered extensively in the 2015 guideline (1).

Cost-effectiveness of personalized omalizumab dosing for chronic spontaneous urticaria.

The licensed dose for omalizumab within Europe for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is 300 mg every 4 weeks, and is based on the most effective dose identified in clinical trials. However, many patients require longer-term treatment with omalizumab and there is limited guidance on how to manage these patients. We report on a large cohort of 357 patients with CSU who have been treated over a 10-year period on a personalized dosing regimen.