THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES AMONG CHILDREN IN ORPHANAGES IN IBADAN.

Background: A number of challenges are being faced by children in orphanages, a major one being their oral health as a common unmet need. Studies have shown high prevalence of dental caries and oro-facial trauma. This has been attributed to overcrowding, lack of adequate staff, poor oral hygiene, improper dietary habits, inadequacies in the orphanage system, as well as inadequacies in the healthcare system.

A 2-arm randomized controlled study to improve the oral health of children living with HIV in Nigeria: Protocol and study design.

Background: Good oral health is an integral part of overall child health. However, immune-deficient states like the presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) will compromise oral health and salivary bacterial composition, leading to adverse oral conditions. Nigeria has 1.

Dental Caries Prevalence, Severity, and Pattern Among Male Adolescents in Kano, Nigeria.

Background: Dental caries is the most common oral disease of mankind; however, there are limited data on the oral status of adolescents in northern Nigeria. Recently, the World Health Organization set the global caries goal as significant caries (SiC) index score of <3. This study was designed to appraise the magnitude of the disease among adolescents in northern Nigeria.

Dental Caries, Traumatic Dental Injuries and Gingivitis among Street-Children in Kano, Nigeria.

Background: Street-children (Almajirai) constitute a significant proportion of the adolescent population in northern Nigeria. They face health challenges, especially oral health, from being inadequately protected, supervised or directed by responsible adults.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries, dental trauma, gingivitis and oral hygiene scores in street-children.

The risk factors and pattern of traumatic dental injuries in 10-12-year olds in Kano, Nigeria.

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) rank among the most common conditions in children and adolescents. Nigerian dental trauma data are largely based on studies that were conducted in the southern parts of Nigeria. This study was designed to identify the risk factors and the pattern of TDIs among school-age children in northern Nigeria.

Effect of Dental Treatment on the Quality of Life of Children with Traumatic Dental Injuries in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Anterior dental trauma is known to be common in our environment as well as the complications that come with it. These injuries have been seen to impact the quality of life (QoL) of children significantly due to the fact that they compromise their dental health. This leads to aesthetic, psychological, social, and therapeutic problems impacting both the children and their parents.

Prevalence and pattern of early childhood caries in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Early childhood caries is a public health problem in a developing country such as Nigeria where there are limited resources to combat the situation.

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of early childhood caries (ECC) among nursery school children aged 3 to 5 years in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 540 nursery school children aged 3 to 5 years old in nursery schools within Ibadan.

Dental caries prevalence and bilateral occurrence in premolars and molars of adolescent school children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in premolars and molars of adolescent school children in Ibadan, Nigeria with a view of comparing findings from this study with previous African studies. A cross section of 12-19 year-old school children from the five local government areas in Ibadan were examined over a period of three months by two examiners (OD and DA), using the WHO criteria for diagnosing dental caries. Only premolars and molars were examined but the third molars were excluded because they were not fully erupted in most children.

Use of simulators in operative dental education: experience in southern Nigeria.

Background: Though the use of simulators in operative dentistry is not new, the teaching and learning practices that take place during clinical sessions in skills laboratories are rarely reported. This study was designed to determine the current practices relating to teaching and learning of dental clinical skills in southern Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the final year dental students in southern Nigeria using anonymous structured questionnaire as instrument for data collection.

Dental students' perception of their interactions with faculty and learning activities in Nigeria.

Background: For effective development of policy for faculty advances, it is necessary to know students' views. This study describes the perceptions of clinical students about teaching skills of faculty in the dental schools in Nigeria.

Methods: A validated, self-administered questionnaire adapted from Clinical Education Instructional Quality was used to survey 109 dental students from the three dental schools in Nigeria.

Influence of parental socioeconomic status on caries prevalence among children seen at the university college hospital, ibadan.

Background: Dental caries is a lifetime disease and its sequelae have been found to constitute health problems of immense proportion in children. Environmental factors such as culture, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and dietary pattern can have a great impact on cariesresistance or caries-development in a child.

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dental caries and socioeconomic status of children attending paediatric dental clinic in UCH Ibadan.

Transferability of clinical skills acquired on simulator to real life clinical practice.

Aim: The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between performances of students in clinical skills laboratory and real life clinical practice and to determine the experiences and views of instructors as it relates to teaching in skills laboratory.

Methods: The performances of two randomly selected sets of graduates in the operative examinations conducted in skills laboratory were compared with the performances of the same sets of graduates in the operative examinations conducted on life patients two years later using Spearman's rank test. Experiences and views of two teachers from each of the six dental schools in southern Nigeria as it relates to teaching in clinical skills laboratory were obtained using a structured questionnaire.

Parental attitudes to the care of the carious primary dentition experience from a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Objective: To examine the factors associated with parents choices of dental care concerning carious primary teeth of their children.

Methods: A structured, self administered questionnaire was issued to parents of children attending the paediatric dental clinic of the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan. Items in the questionnaire included a section on the past dental visit(s) of parents, reason(s) for the clinic attendance and treatment(s) received, the second section contained items on parental treatment preferences under two different clinical scenarios of child dental health; scenario 1, asymptomatic carious primary tooth and scenario 2, symptomatic carious primary tooth.

Effectiveness of an oral health care training workshop for school teachers: a pilot study.

Background: School teachers play key roles in imparting appropriate and up-to-date knowledge to pupils and students. However, most teachers in developing countries like Nigeria have poor knowledge and motivation about oral health which may be due to inadequate training in the area of oral health. This might be one of the reasons for the poor oral hygiene among them and their students.

Traditional and emerging oral health practices in parts of Nigeria.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to document the beliefs and perceptions and emerging oral health care practices in parts of Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive study, based in four different locations that were selected to reflect urban-rural and geographical spread, was conducted. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted among representative groups and significant gatekeepers in the study areas.

Tooth size ratios of Nigerian and the applicability of Bolton's analysis.

Objective: To establish tooth size ratio of Nigerian, to compare with size ratio among gender and to compare tooth size ratios of Nigerian with that of Caucasians as determined by Bolton's.

Material And Methods: Dental casts of 250 subjects (125 males and 125 females) were used for the study. The age range was 12-15 years.

A comparison of clinical and radiographic caries diagnosis on posterior teeth of children seen at a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Early detection and initiation of therapy for dental caries is the most effective means of ensuring resolution of the condition and its sequelae. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of clinical and radiographic (using bitewing radiograph) methods of caries diagnosis in children. The subjects were 172 children within the age range of 5-12 years attending the Paedodontic Clinic of the University College Hospital for the first time.

Changing pattern of pediatric maxillofacial injuries at the Accident and Emergency Department of the University Teaching Hospital, Ibadan--a four-year experience.

Introduction: Maxillofacial injuries are common among polytraumatized patients, and in Nigeria, the incidence seems to be on the increase. This probably is related to the drive of industrialization and the increase in the number of road traffic accidents. Delays in attending to severe maxillofacial injuries can be grave because of concomitant injuries that can be life threatening.

The unmet treatment need of traumatized anterior teeth in selected secondary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Treatment of traumatized anterior teeth is highly desirable to relieve pain, maintain esthetics and to preserve the balance of the anterior part of the mouth; however many may go untreated. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of damage to permanent anterior teeth in school adolescents, the average duration of trauma and to ascertain the level of the unmet treatment need. A total of 1532 secondary school children between the ages 12 and 19 years participated in the study.

Socio-economic status and utilisation of orthodontic services in a Nigerian hospital.

Objective: To study the influence of socio-economic status on the utilization of orthodontic services and the uptake of orthodontic treatment in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Materials And Method: Relevant information needed for the study had been previously recorded in the patient's case file. A total of 157 patients that presented from December 2002 to December 2004 were reviewed.

Child abuse and dentistry: a study of knowledge and attitudes among Nigerian dentists.

Child abuse is recognized globally as a major public health issue and in recent years, Nigerian communities have become increasingly aware of this problem. Numerous studies have revealed that the head and oro-facial region are common sites of trauma from child abuse. For this reason, dentists are in a strategic position to recognize and report suspected cases.

The fluoride content of drinking water and caries experience in 15-19 year old school children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Fluoride, a trace element with anticariogenic benefit may either occur naturally or be added to drinking water sources. This study aimed at determining the fluoride level of the different drinking water sources in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria and to relate this with the caries experience of secondary school children in the city. Sixteen samples of the drinking water sources from various locations in the five local government areas of the city were analysed for fluoride concentration.

Oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have become a pandemic with about 40 million infected people world-wide. The virus attacks the immune cells resulting in a defective cell-mediated immune response thus exposing the host to opportunistic infections. Oral and peri-oral lesions are often seen in HIV infections and sometimes, appear as the first indicators of the disease.

Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens and management of exposure incidents in Nigerian dental schools.

The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens amongst Nigerian clinical dental students, their HBV vaccination status, and reporting practices. A cross-sectional study of all clinical dental students in the four Nigerian dental schools was carried out by means of an anonymous self-administered questionnaire that asked questions on demography, number and type of exposure, management of the exposures, personal protection against cross infection, and the reporting of such exposures. One hundred and fifty-three students responded (response rate of 84.