Interrupter resistance to measure dose-response to salbutamol in wheezy preschool children.

Aim: Using a non-invasive lung function technique (interrupter resistance, Rint), we aimed to determine whether a dose-response to salbutamol could be detected in wheezy preschool children and if so, which dose of salbutamol should be administered to routinely evaluate bronchial reversibility.

Method: Wheezy children (3 to <7 years) were enrolled in a prospective multicenter study. Rint was measured at baseline, and after random assignment to a first dose (100 or 200 μg) and a second dose (cumulative dose: 400, 600, or 800 μg) of salbutamol.

Early cardiovascular manifestations in children and adolescents with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a single center study.

Background: This study aims to describe the cardiovascular manifestations in children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and detect their relation with kidney disease and type of gene mutation.

Methods: Twenty-one patients (7 to 19 years old) were included. Cardiovascular evaluation involved blood pressure (BP), indexed left ventricular mass (LVMI), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) measurement.

Clinical and haematological risk factors for cerebral macrovasculopathy in a sickle cell disease newborn cohort: a prospective study.

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have a significant vascular morbidity, especially cerebral macrovasculopathy (CV), detectable by transcranial Doppler. This study aimed to identify risk factors for CV using longitudinal biological and clinical data in a SCD newborn cohort followed at the Robert Debre Reference centre (n = 375 SS/Sβ(0) ). Median follow-up was 6·8 years (2677 patient-years).

Effect of glutamine on glucose metabolism in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Background & Aims: Glutamine is a potent gluconeogenic precursor and stimulates insulin secretion. Glutamine's effect on glucose metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has never been studied. To determine plasma glucose and insulin concentrations measured during and after glutamine administration in DMD boys.

Ventilatory response to exercise does not evidence electroencephalographical respiratory-related activation of the cortical premotor circuitry in healthy humans.

Aim: The neural structures responsible for the coupling between ventilatory control and pulmonary gas exchange during exercise have not been fully identified. Suprapontine mechanisms have been hypothesized but not formally evidenced. Because the involvement of a premotor circuitry in the compensation of inspiratory mechanical loads has recently been described, we looked for its implication in exercise-induced hyperpnea.

Impaired ventilatory and thermoregulatory responses to hypoxic stress in newborn phox2b heterozygous knock-out mice.

The Phox2b genesis necessary for the development of the autonomic nervous system, and especially, of respiratory neuronal circuits. In the present study, we examined the role of Phox2b in ventilatory and thermoregulatory responses to hypoxic stress, which are closely related in the postnatal period. Hypoxic stress was generated by strong thermal stimulus, combined or not with reduced inspired O(2).

Assessing change in body composition in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Background & Aims: To compare the ability of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfold thickness (ST) measurements to estimate changes in body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on 26 ambulatory DMD boys aged 3-11 y selected for a randomised trial of glutamine supplementation. We assessed fat free mass (FFM) and percentage fat mass (%FM) by BIA (monofrequency (50kHz) unit), ST measurements and a criterion method, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and repeated these measures 5 mo later at 3 outpatient clinical investigation centers in France.

[Physical activity and exercise training for patients with cystic fibrosis].

In France patients with cystic fibrosis benefit from a multidisciplinary follow-up in Cystic Fibrosis Centres. In this follow-up, despite the numerous therapeutic benefits of exercise in this disease, little emphasis is placed on the promotion of physical activity. The aim of this article is to improve this aspect of management, giving advice from a working group of experts, based on the medical literature and clinical experience.

Multicentre trial evaluating alveolar NO fraction as a marker of asthma control and severity.

Background: Exhaled NO can be partitioned in its bronchial and alveolar sources, and the latter may increase in the presence of recent asthmatic symptoms and in refractory asthma. The aim of this multicentre prospective study was to assess whether alveolar NO fraction and FE(NO) could be associated with the level of asthma control and severity both at the time of measurement and in the subsequent 3 months.

Methods: Asthma patients older than 10 years, nonsmokers, without recent exacerbation and under regular treatment, underwent exhaled NO measurement at multiple constant flows allowing its partition in alveolar (with correction for back-diffusion) and bronchial origins based on a two-compartment model of NO exchange; exhaled NO fraction at 50 ml/s (FE(NO,0.

Lack of functional benefit with glutamine versus placebo in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a randomized crossover trial.

Background: Oral glutamine decreases whole body protein breakdown in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We evaluated the functional benefit of 4 months oral glutamine in DMD.

Methodology/principal Findings: 30 ambulant DMD boys were included in this double-blind, randomized crossover trial with 2 intervention periods: glutamine (0.

Nandrolone excretion in sedentary vs physically trained young women.

We investigated the effects of the menstrual cycle, oral contraception and physical training on exhaustive exercise-induced changes in the excretion of nandrolone metabolites [19-norandrosterone (19-NA), and 19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE)] in young women. Twenty-eight women were allocated to an untrained group (n=16) or a trained group (n=12), depending on their physical training background. The untrained group was composed of nine oral contraceptive users (OC+) and seven eumenorrheic women (OC-), while the trained group was entirely composed of OC+ subjects.

Does exercise have deleterious consequences for the lungs of patients with chronic heart failure?

Changes in lung function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), usually reported at rest, may be exacerbated during exercise and induce post-exercise effects. We investigated the hypothesis that post-exercise induced changes in lung function in CHF patients are due to the consequences of left atrial overload. Twenty-one CHF patients and six healthy subjects (Ctrl) participated in this study.

Can bronchodilator response predict bronchial response to methacholine in preschool coughers?

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between bronchodilator response, assessed by interrupter resistance (Rint), and bronchial reactivity in preschool children with chronic cough. Thirty-eight children coughers (median age 5.0 years, range 2.

[Respiratory function testing in infants: recommendations on normal values].

The present document is being produced on behalf of the French Society of the Physiology Task Force on standards for Infant Respiratory Function Testing whose aim is to provide guidelines for good laboratory practices according to the latest international recommendations. Application of such recommendations could be of particular value when attempting to develop standardized protocols in the scope of multi-centre trials. The first part resume these recommendations about apparatus, acquisition system and software for Infant Respiratory Function Testing.

Resting echocardiographic assessments of left atrial function and filling pressure interest in the understanding of exercise capacity in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.

Objective: Doppler echocardiography is well recognized as the primary noninvasive imaging technique to assess global and regional cardiac function. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing has become a powerful tool to predict outcome in chronic heart failure (CHF). We looked for cardiac determinants, using resting echocardiographic parameters, of exercise tolerance in patients with CHF.

Interrupter resistance short-term repeatability and bronchodilator response in preschool children.

Unlabelled: Interrupter resistance (Rint) technique can be easily and successfully performed in preschool children. The establishment of Rint short-term repeatability is essential to interpret any Rint change after a pharmacological intervention.

Aims Of The Study: In preschool children with asthma or chronic cough: (1) to assess two indices of short-term repeatability: (a) intra-measurement and (b) within-occasion between-test repeatability; (2) to study the relationship between short-term repeatability and bronchodilator response (BDR).