Protocol for applying Tumor Treating Fields in mouse models of cancer using the inovivo system.

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields clinically approved for cancer treatment, delivered via arrays attached to the patient's skin. Here, we present a protocol for applying TTFields to torso orthotopic and subcutaneous mouse tumor models using the inovivo system. We guide users on proper system component connections, study protocol design, mouse fur depilation, array application, and treatment condition adjustment and monitoring.

Tunneling Nanotubes: Implications for Chemoresistance.

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin, membranous protrusions that connect cells and allow for the transfer of various molecules, including proteins, organelles, and genetic material. TNTs have been implicated in a wide range of biological processes, including intercellular communication, drug resistance, and viral transmission. In cancer, they have been investigated more deeply over the past decade for their potentially pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis.

Tau pathology in the dorsal raphe may be a prodromal indicator of Alzheimer's disease.

Protein aggregation in brainstem nuclei is thought to occur in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its specific role in driving prodromal symptoms and disease progression is largely unknown. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contains a large population of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurons that regulate mood, reward-related behavior, and sleep, which are all disrupted in AD. We report here that tau pathology is present in the DRN of individuals 25-80 years old without a known history of dementia, and its prevalence was comparable to the locus coeruleus (LC).

Gliovascular transcriptional perturbations in Alzheimer's disease reveal molecular mechanisms of blood brain barrier dysfunction.

To uncover molecular changes underlying blood-brain-barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, we performed single nucleus RNA sequencing in 24 Alzheimer's disease and control brains and focused on vascular and astrocyte clusters as main cell types of blood-brain-barrier gliovascular-unit. The majority of the vascular transcriptional changes were in pericytes. Of the vascular molecular targets predicted to interact with astrocytic ligands, SMAD3, upregulated in Alzheimer's disease pericytes, has the highest number of ligands including VEGFA, downregulated in Alzheimer's disease astrocytes.

The Depth of Invasion and Level IV Cervical Node Metastasis in Patients with Clinically N0 Tongue Cancer.

Background: The accurate indication for level IV dissection is crucial for preventing complications such as phrenic nerve damage and chylous fistulas in clinically N0 tongue cancer. Although the depth of invasion is an established independent risk factor for occult lymph node metastasis in tongue cancer, its relationship with level IV metastasis has not been evaluated. This study investigated the relationship between the depth of invasion and level IV nodal metastasis in clinically N0 tongue cancer.

Alantolactone ameliorates graft versus host disease in mice.

The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs which are used in the treatment of Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) have limited effects in controlling the severity of the disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Alantolactone (ALT) in a murine model of experimental GVHD. The study included 4 BALB/c groups as hosts: Naïve (n = 7), Control GVHD (n = 16), ALT-GVHD (n = 16), and Syngeneic transplantation (n = 10).

The effect of age and gender on HbA1c levels in adults without diabetes mellitus.

Background: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels play an important role in diagnosing, screening, and monitoring the treatment of diabetes. Our study aims to determine whether a relationship exists between HbA1c levels and age and gender in Turkish adults who have not been diagnosed with diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective study included 6776 Turkish adults with no known diabetes.

Accuracy of patient-reported spell duration: A comparative study.

Clinicians rely heavily on patient histories to make medical diagnoses, most of which are inherently subjective and prone to inaccuracies. The aim of this study is to compare the subjective versus objective duration of spells through a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit at our tertiary care medical center. One hundred patients were analyzed.

Effect of Hypnosis on Pain, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Female Patients with Fibromyalgia: Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study.

This prospective, randomized, controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of standardized adjuvant hypnosis on pain, depression, anxiety, aerobic exercise practices, quality of life, and disease impact score in female patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). This study included 47 female patients with FMS who had been under treatment for at least six months. The hypnosis group ( = 24) received a total of three hypnosis sessions and was taught to patients' self-hypnosis.

Treatment with tumor-treating fields (TTFields) suppresses intercellular tunneling nanotube formation in vitro and upregulates immuno-oncologic biomarkers in vivo in malignant mesothelioma.

Disruption of intercellular communication within tumors is emerging as a novel potential strategy for cancer-directed therapy. Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is a treatment modality that has itself emerged over the past decade in active clinical use for patients with glioblastoma and malignant mesothelioma, based on the principle of using low-intensity alternating electric fields to disrupt microtubules in cancer cells undergoing mitosis. There is a need to identify other cellular and molecular effects of this treatment approach that could explain reported increased overall survival when TTFields are added to standard systemic agents.

Electrically Triggered Quercetin Release from Polycaprolactone/Bismuth Ferrite Microfibrous Scaffold for Skeletal Muscle Tissue.

Skeletal muscle tissue engineering presents a promising avenue to address the limitations pertaining to the regenerative potential of stem cells in case of injury or damage. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of utilizing novel microfibrous scaffolds, containing the compound quercetin (Q), on skeletal muscle regeneration. Morphological test results showed us that the combination of bismuth ferrite (BFO), polycaprolactone (PCL), and Q were bonded and well-ordered with each other, and a uniform microfibrous structure was obtained.

TNTdetect.AI: A Deep Learning Model for Automated Detection and Counting of Tunneling Nanotubes in Microscopy Images.

Background: Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are cellular structures connecting cell membranes and mediating intercellular communication. TNTs are manually identified and counted by a trained investigator; however, this process is time-intensive. We therefore sought to develop an automated approach for quantitative analysis of TNTs.

Traditional Serrated Adenoma of the Urinary Bladder: The First Report.

A 71-year-old woman was hospitalized with hematuria and underwent cystourethroscopy. Cystourethroscopy revealed a polypoid bladder tumor. Histopathologic examination showed complex villiform growth pattern, slit-like serrations, and ectopic crypts lined by epithelium with eosinophilic cytoplasm, pseudostratified elongated nuclei, consistent with traditional serrated adenoma.

The Mechanisms of Action of Tumor Treating Fields.

Tumor treating fields (TTFields), a new modality of cancer treatment, are electric fields transmitted transdermally to tumors. The FDA has approved TTFields for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and mesothelioma, and they are currently under study in many other cancer types. While antimitotic effects were the first recognized biological anticancer activity of TTFields, data have shown that tumor treating fields achieve their anticancer effects through multiple mechanisms of action.

Molecular alterations associated with improved outcome in patients with glioblastoma treated with Tumor-Treating Fields.

Background: The genomic and overall biologic landscape of glioblastoma (GB) has become clearer over the past 2 decades, as predictive and prognostic biomarkers of both de novo and transformed forms of GB have been identified. The oral chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) has been integral to standard-of-care treatment for nearly 2 decades. More recently, the use of non-pharmacologic interventions, such as application of alternating electric fields, called Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields), has emerged as a complementary treatment option that increases overall survival (OS) in patients with newly diagnosed GB.

Ocular Lateral Deviation as a Vestibular Clinical Sign of Medial Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Strokes: A Case Report.

We report a case of posterior circulation stroke that presented with a unique ocular vestibular sign called Ocular Lateral Deviation (OLD). OLD is eye deviation to one side that is made more prominent by brief eye closure. OLD has been reported to occur ipsilesional in a third of medullary strokes, and occasionally in other posterior fossa strokes.

Prolongation of absence seizures and changes in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission by nigrostriatal pathway degeneration in genetic absence epilepsy rats.

Objective: Basal ganglia structures play an important role in the pathophysiology of absence epilepsy, known as remote control of absence seizures. We examined the role of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in absence epilepsy through behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) parameters, immunohistochemical, and biochemical characteristics of dopamine and serotonin in the genetic absence epilepsy rat model.

Methods: The nigrostriatal pathway was degenerated by the injection of chemical 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in Wistar and genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS).

The Effect of Gene Mutations on Metastasis and Overall Survival in Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Colon Cancers.

Objective: It is known that many genes are associated with colon cancer. We aimed to investigate the effect of gene mutations on metastasis and overall survival in metastatic and non metastatic colon cancers.

Methods: A total of 50 patients with metastatic (n=25) and non metastatic (n=25) diagnosed with colon cancer between 2010 and 2018 were included in the study.

Child to adulthood clinical description of MDPL syndrome due to a novel variant in POLD1.

Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness, Progeroid features, and Lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in POLD1 gene and characterized by mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy. One recurrent mutation p.(Ser605del) was reported in almost all affected patients.

Long-term Results of Low Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm (LAMN): A Retrospective Analysis of 24 Patients.

Background: Appendix tumors are rare tumors found in the gastrointestinal tract, observed at a rate of about 0.2%-0.3%.

Management of venous flap insufficiency: the role of low molecular weight heparin in salvage.

Flap loss resulting from venous insufficiency is a difficult issue, both with pedicled or free flaps. We examined the efficiency of low molecular weight heparin administration in various forms and dressing methods in venous insufficiency. Forty-five Sprague Dawley rats were included and inferior epigastric artery perforated island flaps were obtained from the abdominal skin of the animals.

Therapeutic effects of vitamin D and IL-22 on methotrexate-induced mucositis in mice.

Mucositis is a common side effect of cancer therapies and transplant conditioning regimens. Management of mucositis involves multiple approaches from oral hygiene, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, cytoprotective, and antioxidant agents, to cryo-therapy, physical therapy, and growth factors. There is room for novel, affordable treatment options, or improvement of currently available therapies.