Classification of α-thalassemia data using machine learning models.

Background: Around 7% of the global population has congenital hemoglobin disorders, with over 300,000 new cases of α-thalassemia annually. Diagnosis is costly and inaccurate in low-income regions, often relying on complete blood count (CBC) tests. This study employs machine learning (ML) to classify α-thalassemia traits based on gender and CBC, exploring the effects of grouping silent- and non-carriers.

Giant Intracranial Cavernous Malformations: A Review on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics.

 Intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs), commonly known as cavernomas or cavernous angiomas, are low-flow, well-circumscribed vascular lesions composed of sinusoidal spaces lined by a single layer of endothelium and separated by a collagenous matrix without elastin, smooth muscle, or other vascular wall elements. A diameter greater than 3 cm for a CM is unlikely. These lesions may have atypical appearances on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Does cleaning of venipuncture site with alcohol affect blood ethanol concentration?

Background: It is important to accurately determine the blood ethanol concentration (BEC) to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients in the emergency department (ED) and protect their legal rights. This study aimed to determine whether sterilization of venipuncture site with ethanol, which is frequently used in practice in the ED would affect BEC.

Methods: Venous blood samples were collected by two consecutive techniques from 94 individuals who were admitted to the ED, had an indication for BEC measurement, and volunteered to participate in the study.

Ectopic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors/Adenomas Around the Sella Turcica.

Functional or non-secretory ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) can form around the sella turcica during the development of the adenohypophysis by differentiating and detaching from the pharyngeal roof. These tumors usually appear in the sphenoid sinus, clivus, cavernous sinus, infundibulum, and suprasellar cistern. Ectopic PitNETs typically display the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings of pituitary adenomas.

Training interprofessional teams in geriatric emergency medicine: A modified team-based learning approach.

Background: Older adults deserve special healthcare provision in every branch of medicine. Turkey currently does not have geriatric emergency medicine (GEM) subspecialty training. Thus, interprofessional training for healthcare professionals involved in GEM services is required.

Isolated infantile myofibroma of the calvarium: Report of a case with a literature review.

Objective: Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare entity of childhood characterized by benign myofibroblastic tumors in the soft tissues, the bones, and occasionally the viscera. Solitary skeletal lesions are relatively uncommon. Calvarial involvement should be distinguished from more aggressive tumors for appropriate treatment.

Long-term longitudinal retinal changes after conventional and pattern scan laser panretinal photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Comparison the effect of conventional and pattern scan laser (PASCAL) panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on macula and optic disk in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: This retrospective study included 57 patients. In the conventional laser group, PRP was completed using the LightMed LightLas 532 laser device in accordance with the ETDRS protocol.

Rotational Stability After Implantation of Two Different Phakic Toric Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes and rotational stability of the toric implantable Collamer lens (TICL) and toric implantable phakic contact lens (TIPCL).

Methods: Charts were reviewed from January 2011 to January 2023 to identify all TICLs and TIPCLs implanted by a single surgeon. Implant size was generally chosen according to the manufacturer's recommendation, but 15 TIPCLs 0.

Evaluation of the lamina cribrosa in different stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship of the peripapillary retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and lamina cribrosa (LC) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) cases.

Study Design: Prospective comparative study.

Methods: This study included 50 non-DR (Group 1), 55 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (Group 2), 28 DM cases with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (Group 3) and 45 healthy volunteers (Group 4).

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the characteristics of patients presenting to the pediatric ocular emergency department in Türkiye: Demographic and diagnoses.

Background: This study aims to evaluate how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the demographics and diagnoses of patients presenting at a pediatric ophthalmology emergency department (POED) in Türkiye.

Methods: The electronic medical records of patients <18 years old who presented at the POED from March 15 to May 31, 2020 (first stay-at-home period), and from November 15 to December 31, 2020 (second stay-at-home period), were retrospectively scanned. The demographic data and clinical diagnoses from those periods and the same periods in 2019 were compared.

Comparative Analyses of Unsupervised PCA K-Means Change Detection Algorithm from the Viewpoint of Follow-Up Plan.

In this study, principal component analysis and k-means clustering (PCAKM) methods for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are analyzed to reduce the sensitivity caused by changes in the parameters and input images of the algorithm, increase the accuracy, and make an improvement in the computation time, which are advantageous for scoring in the follow-up plan. Although there are many supervised methods described in the literature, unsupervised methods may be more appropriate in terms of computing time, data scarcity, and explainability in order to supply a trustworthy system. We consider the PCAKM algorithm, which is used as a benchmark method in many studies when making comparisons.

Comparison of intravitreal ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab therapies in diabetic macular edema with serous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To compare the effects of ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab treatments in treatment-naive diabetic macular edema(DME) patients with serous retinal detachment(SRD).

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective, comparative study. In a sample of 86 eyes of 86 untreated DME patients with accompanying SRD, 23 patients were treated with ranibizumab (IVR), 28 patients with aflibercept (IVA), and 35 patients with bevacizumab (IVB).

The safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification surgery in uncomplicated cataracts with and without an ophthalmic-viscosurgical-device.

Purpose: To compare and evaluate the results of phacoemulsification surgery involving and not involving an ophthalmic-viscosurgical-device (OVD).

Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial included 60 eyes of 60 patients scheduled to receive phacoemulsification surgery. In order of presentation, patients were randomized into two groups to undergo different surgical techniques: the OVD-free group ( = 30) and the OVD group ( = 30).

Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction and Refractive Amblyopia Risk Factors: Effect of Age at the Time of Probing.

Objectives: To determine whether treatment time of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) has any effect on refractive amblyopia risk factors (ARFs).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and it was conducted in the Pediatric Ophthalmology Department at Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital. The ages of 174 patients who underwent probing were obtained from electronic medical charts and used to divide the patients into two groups: an early-probing group (<24 months old) and a late-probing group (≥24 months old).

PPIL4 is essential for brain angiogenesis and implicated in intracranial aneurysms in humans.

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that often causes death or severe disability. Although genome-wide association studies have identified common genetic variants that increase IA risk moderately, the contribution of variants with large effect remains poorly defined. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified significant enrichment of rare, deleterious mutations in PPIL4, encoding peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase-like 4, in both familial and index IA cases.

Changes in anterior segment parameters and presence of dry eye disease in patients with acromegaly: A Sirius topography study combined with meibography.

Purpose: To investigate anterior segment parameters (ASPs) and dry eye disease (DED), including the status of the meibomian glands, in patients with acromegaly.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, comparative study, 36 acromegaly patients and 40 healthy sex- and age-matched controls were included. Participants received a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including intraocular pressure measurements with Goldmann applanation tonometry (IOP) and central corneal thickness corrected intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, and were evaluated for ASPs and DED.

Systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the systemic oxidative stress biomarkers increased in patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMT).

Methods: This study compared 25 patients diagnosed with VMT with 20 healthy controls. As a biomarker of systemic oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured.

Outcomes of a new suture technique for the treatment of dislocated intraocular lenses: locked loop on the haptic.

Purpose: To evaluate surgical and refractive outcomes of a new sutured scleral fixation technique in the management of subluxated intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods: Nineteen eyes treated with the new scleral fixation technique were included. The mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), postoperative refraction error, mean endothelial cell count (ECC), and complications were recorded.

Thinning of the inner and outer retinal layers, including the ganglion cell layer and photoreceptor layers, in obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome unrelated to the disease severity.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the segmented layers of the macula in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Material And Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study included 31 OSAS patients and 31 age- and gender-matched control subjects. SD-OCT and overnight polysomnography were performed on all participants.

Does systemic inflammation play a role in patients with pterygium?

Purpose: To compare parameters of systemic inflammation and serum lipid levels in patients with pterygium versus healthy individuals.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with pterygium and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled as two respective groups in a retrospective study. The participants' complete blood count (CBC) parameters and levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) were obtained from digital records and compared.

Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a Better Tool Rather than Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio (MHR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in Central Retinal Artery Occlusions.

: To evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) and blood lipid profile in central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) patients.: We included 37 patients with a diagnosis of CRAO and 36 healthy subjects with similar age-sex in the study. We analyzed the medical records of peripheral blood samples retrospectively.