Reappraisal of the proximal tibia anatomy in Turkish population.

Objective: Total knee arthroplasty has been popular in recent years. Morphometry of proximal tibia is important for surgeons to perform successful total knee arthroplasty. Aim of this study was to reappraise the proximal tibia morphometry.

To wedge or not to wedge; A cadaveric comparison study of two medial malleolar osteotomy modalities.

Objective: To quantify the surface area of the talus accessible with a uniplanar and a biplanar medial malleolus osteotomy. Our secondary purpose study is to quantify the amount of weightbearing area that each osteotomy effects on the tibial articular surface.

Patients And Methods: Eight ankle joint specimens were dissected for this study.

Estimating the optimal entry point of the antegrade femoral nailing: Previous and novel morphometric measurements.

Objective: This anatomical study aimed to investigate the possible relationships between the proximal femur parameters and verify the optimal entry point in line with the medullary canal.

Methods: Both in single image series and 3D-MPR views, 63 femur bones were evaluated. One-millimeter multidetector computed tomography scans were collected and assessed by OsiriX-Lite version 8 and Horos v3.

Tendon of Flexor Carpi Radialis in carpal tunnel: a radiologic and cadaveric study.

Background/aim: Carpal tunnel is an important anatomical passage that carries the flexor tendons into the hand. As there is still no consensus about its contents among the anatomy textbooks, the main purpose of this study was to identify the relations of the flexor carpi radialis tendon in the carpal tunnel.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was completed in April 2018 at authors’ university’s hospital.

Morphometric analyses of clavicle's nutrient foramen.

Purpose: Fractures of the clavicle, which has an important location and function in the upper extremity and shoulder joint, compose 10% of all fracture cases. During the osteosynthesis of clavicle fractures and in the post-operative period of patients, considering the detailed morphometric and topographic properties of the nutrient foramen of clavicle is important to avoid the disruption of arterial nutrition of the clavicle and prevent unexpected injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometric properties of the nutrient foramen of clavicle in more detail using computedtomography images.

Para-aortic lymphadenectomy: step by step surgical education video.

Para-aortic lymph nodes are exclusively important for the staging of gynecologic malignancies. This surgical education video describes the step-by-step technique for para-aortic lymphadenectomy with anatomic landmarks in a cadaver.

Redefining the morphometry of subclavian vessels for clavicle fracture treatments.

Purpose: Clavicle fractures are common injuries in adults and children. Although neurovascular damage is rarely seen, acute subclavian artery pseudoaneurysms and injuries to subclavian vessels were reported for closed fractures of the clavicle. The aim of this study was to identify the morphological details of the subclavian vessels and their relation to the sternoclavicular joint and body of the clavicle.

Soft spot: the important zone at the standard posterior portal of shoulder arthroscopy.

Background/aim: The localization of the standard posterior portal of shoulder arthroscopy and landmarks mentioned in the literature are unclear. The purpose of this prospective cadaveric study was to determine the localization of the standard posterior portal and its distance to the neural structures. Materials and methods: One fresh frozen and 10 formalin-fixed adult cadaveric shoulders were dissected.

Association of Medial Meniscus Extrusion With the Prominence of a Fascicular Capsulofemoral Band Subjacent to the Deep Medial Collateral Ligament.

Objective: The objective of our study was to test our hypothesis that a transverse oblique fascicular anteromedial capsulofemoral band partially subjacent to the deep medial collateral ligament (MCL) is more prominent in knees with medial meniscal extrusion.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all knee MRI examinations from a 6-month period for the presence and dimensions of the anteromedial capsulofemoral band on coronal proton-density fat-saturated images and also for medial meniscus extrusion, which was defined as extrusion of 3 mm or greater. Edemalike signal intensity within or in the vicinity of the anteromedial capsulofemoral band, partial or complete tears of the MCL, a history of MCL surgery, or a neoplastic mass lesion violating the medial supporting structures were exclusion criteria.

Simulation of RIRS in soft cadavers: a novel training model by the Cadaveric Research On Endourology Training (CRET) Study Group.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the use of fresh-frozen concurrently with embalmed cadavers as initial training models for flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) in a group of urologists who were inexperienced in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

Methods: Twelve urologists involved in a cadaveric fURS training course were enrolled into this prospective study. All the participants were inexperienced in fURS.

Modified tension band wiring technique for olecranon fractures: where and how should the K-wires be inserted to avoid articular penetration?

Objective: Articular penetration of K-wires is a possible complication of the modified tension band wiring technique. However, there is no clear information or evidence regarding the entry point or introduction angle for K-wires to avoid this complication. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of varying K-wire insertion points and angles on the risk for articular penetration during modified tension band wiring for olecranon fractures.

Redefining the proximal ulna anatomy.

Purpose: Complex fractures of the olecranon have always been a difficult condition for treatment. Successful reconstruction depends on restoration of the anatomic contributors to stability. The purpose of this study was to define the proximal ulna anatomy in detail with respect to fracture fixation and arthroscopy.

The reproduction accuracy for stereolithographic model of the thyroid gland derived from the visible human dataset.

Objective: To investigate reproduction accuracy of the rapid prototyping technique by comparing 3-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) (virtual) model with stereolithographic (solid) replica of the thyroid gland.

Methods: The Visible Human Dataset was used as the input imaging data. The Surfdriver software package was applied on these images to reconstruct the thyroid gland as 3-dimensional Data Exchange File (DXF) models.

Differential diagnosis in a professional basketball player with foot pain: is it an avulsion fracture or an os supranaviculare?

The os supranaviculare is an accessory bone located on the dorsal aspect of the talonavicular joint close to the midpoint. This rare incidental skeletal variant has an estimated prevalence of 1%. It may rarely become symptomatic and should not be confused with cortical avulsion fractures of navicular or talar head.

Minimally invasive plating of the distal tibia: do we really sacrifice saphenous vein and nerve? A cadaver study.

Objective: To investigate the risk of saphenous nerve (SN) and great saphenous vein (GSV) injury during percutaneous screw placement of the 3.5/4.5 LCP Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Plate and the 3.

Rotator interval dimensions in different shoulder arthroscopy positions: a cadaveric study.

The rotator interval was defined as a triangular structure, where the base of the triangle was the coracoid base, the upper border was the anterior margin of the supraspinatus, and the lower border was the superior margin of the subscapularis muscle-tendon unit. We evaluated the rotator interval dimensions in 15 shoulders from 10 lightly embalmed adult cadavers in 3 shoulder arthroscopy positions: 0 degrees of abduction and 30 degrees of flexion (beach chair [BC]), 45 degrees of abduction and 30 degrees of flexion (lateral decubitus 1), and 70 degrees of abduction and 30 degrees of flexion (lateral decubitus 2). In each shoulder position, measurements were made in neutral rotation (NR), 45 degrees of external rotation (ER), and 45 degrees of internal rotation (IR).

New microvenous anastomosis model for microsurgical training: external jugular vein.

In microsurgical training, the femoral vein is used frequently for a microvenous anastomosis model. But the femoral vein in the rat does not completely simulate the human vein because of its thin wall, fragility, and tendency to collapse. These anatomic characteristics cause some difficulty in carrying out anastomoses in microsurgery training particularly for beginners.

Recesses along the posterior margin of the infrapatellar (Hoffa's) fat pad: prevalence and morphology on routine MR imaging of the knee.

The objective is to evaluate the prevalence and morphology of recesses along the posterior margin of the infrapatellar fat pad on routine MR imaging of the knee. MR images of 213 knees in 204 consecutive individuals were evaluated with regard to the prevalence and morphology of recesses (a "suprahoffatic" recess close to the inferior border of the patella and the previously described "infrahoffatic" recess anterior to the inferior portion of the infrapatellar plica). The recesses were analyzed with regard to synovial effusion and the condition of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

Vascular pedicles of infrahyoid muscles: an anatomical study.

This study was designed to determine the entering sites of vascular pedicles of the infrahyoid muscles. The neck regions of 12 cadavers were investigated bilaterally. The vascular pedicles of the infrahyoid muscles (except the thyrohyoid and inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle) were dissected and measurements taken with a caliper in reference to the attachments of the muscles.

Magnetic resonance imaging determination of the ventriculus terminalis.

We report a case of ventriculus terminalis, presenting with specific neurological symptoms including low back pain and bilateral sciatica. Magnetic resonance images showed a cystic lesion with regular margins localized in the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord. The lesion was an oval shape with no internal septa.