The Protein Engineering of Zearalenone Hydrolase Results in a Shift in the pH Optimum of the Relative Activity of the Enzyme.

An acidic shift in the pH profile of zearalenone hydrolase (ZHD), the most effective and well-studied zearalenone-specific lactone hydrolase, is required to extend the range of applications for the enzyme as a decontamination agent in the feed and food production industries. Amino acid substitutions were engineered in the active center of the enzyme to decrease the pKa values of the catalytic residues E126 and H242. The T216K substitution provided a shift in the pH optimum by one unit to the acidic region, accompanied by a notable expansion in the pH profile under acidic conditions.

Cloning of Three Aflatoxin B1 Oxidases of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase III Family and Evaluation of Their Potential for Practical Applications as Decontamination Enzymes.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by some species belongs to the most dangerous contaminants of animal feeds. Development of safe and cost efficient decontamination methods saving feed quality and nutritional value are of paramount importance. The use of recombinant AFB1-detoxifying microbial enzymes represents a promising biotechnological approach meeting the aforementioned requirements.

N-linked glycosylation affects catalytic parameters and fluctuation of the active center of Aspergillus awamori exo-inulinase.

Heterogeneous expression of enzymes allows large-scale production with reduced costs. Changes in glycosylation often occur due to changes in the expression host. In the study, the catalytic and biochemical properties of Aspergillus awamori exo-inulinase 1 are compared for A.

The Role of Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids in the Regulation of Inflammation in Bronchial Asthma.

Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid that are oxidized by a family of enzymes including cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. These enzymes are widely present in various organs and tissues, and the HETEs they synthesize perform an important function in the regulation of immune reactions and haemostasis processes under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. More researchers confirm the role of these oxidized metabolites in modulating inflammation in asthma.

Thermochemistry of Solid-State Formation, Structure, Optical, and Luminescent Properties of Complex Oxides EuMeO (Me-Mo, W), EuWO: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study.

Complex oxides EuMeO (Me-Mo, W), EuWO were obtained by a solid-phase reaction between binary oxides. The thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of the reaction processes were established using a variety of physical-chemical methods. All compounds obtained in this work crystallize in the low-symmetry monoclinic system, forming complex framework structures, which determine a set of very valuable physical-chemical properties.

Recombinant Oxidase from as a Potential Tool for Aflatoxin B1 Degradation in Contaminated Cereal Grain.

Forage grain contamination with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a global problem, so its detoxification with the aim of providing feed safety and cost-efficiency is still a relevant issue. AFB1 degradation by microbial enzymes is considered to be a promising detoxification approach. In this study, we modified an previously developed GS115 expression system using a chimeric signal peptide to obtain a new recombinant producer of extracellular AFB1 oxidase (AFO) from (the yield of 0.

Negative Thermal Expansion in the Polymorphic Modification of Double Sulfate β-AEu(SO) (A-Rb, Cs).

New polymorphic modifications of double sulfates β-AEu(SO) (A-Rb, Cs) were obtained by the hydrothermal method, the structure of which differs significantly from the monoclinic modifications obtained earlier by solid-state methods. According to single-crystal diffraction data, it was found that the compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic system, space group , with parameters β-RbEu(SO): = 9.4667(4) Å, = 13.

Molecular species of glycerophosphoethanolamines in obesity-associated asthma.

Bronchial asthma (BA) complicated by obesity is a progressive disease phenotype that hardly responds to standard therapy. In this regard, it is important to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms of development of this comorbid pathology. In recent years, lipidomics has become an active research tool, opening new opportunities not only for understanding cellular processes in health and disease, but also for providing a personalized approach to medicine.

1--alkyl-glycerols from Squid Reduce Inflammation and Modify Fatty Acid and Plasmalogen Metabolism in Asthma Associated with Obesity.

Asthma associated with obesity is considered the most severe phenotype and can be challenging to manage with standard medications. Marine-derived 1--alkyl-glycerols (AGs), as precursors for plasmalogen synthesis, have high biological activity, making them a promising substance for pharmacology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AGs from squid on lung function, fatty acid and plasmalogen levels, and cytokine and adipokine production in obese patients with asthma.

Exploration of the Crystal Structure and Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Monoclinic Praseodymium Sulfate Pr(SO).

Praseodymium sulfate was obtained by the precipitation method and the crystal structure was determined by Rietveld analysis. Pr(SO) is crystallized in the monoclinic structure, space group 2/, with cell parameters = 21.6052 (4), = 6.

[Fatty acid epoxides in the regulation of the inflammation].

Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase derived lipid metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as their role in the inflammation, have been studied quite thoroughly. However, cytochrome P450 derived lipid mediators, as well as their participation in the regulation of the inflammation, need deeper understanding. In recent years, it has become known that PUFAs are oxidized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases to epoxy fatty acids, which act as the extremely powerful lipid mediators involved in resolving inflammation.

Dependence of maize yield on hydrothermal factors in various agro-climatic zones of the Rostov region of Russia in the context of climate change.

Trends in mean monthly temperature and precipitation during the growing season and their effects on the maize yield were analyzed at the Zimovnikovsky (Zim) and Rostov (Ros) state variety plots (SVPs), located in different agro-climatic zones of the Rostov region. For these two SVPs, in the period of 1975-2019, the Mann-Kendall test showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean temperature (0.

Enhancement of thermostability of GH10 xylanase E Penicillium canescens directed by ΔΔG calculations and structure analysis.

Hydrolytic enzymes are highly demanded in the industry. Thermostability is an important property of enzymes that affects the economic costs of the industrial processes. The rational design of GH10 xylanase E (XylE) Penicillium canescens for the thermostability improvement was directed by ΔΔG calculations and structure analysis.

Role of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Regulation of T-Helper Immune Response in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Objective: According to modern views, the differences in the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with certain types of T-helper (Th) immune response. Recent data have shown that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is involved in the development of Th immune response. However, TLR2-mediated regulation of Th subpopulation balance in COPD needs to be elucidated.

Thermosensory Transient Receptor Potential Ion Channels and Asthma.

Asthma is a widespread chronic disease of the bronchopulmonary system with a heterogeneous course due to the complex etiopathogenesis. Natural-climatic and anthropogenic factors play an important role in the development and progression of this pathology. The reception of physical and chemical environmental stimuli and the regulation of body temperature are mediated by thermosensory channels, members of a subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels.

Structural Features of YOSO via DFT Calculations of Electronic and Vibrational Properties.

The traditional way for determination of molecular groups structure in crystals is the X-Ray diffraction analysis and it is based on an estimation of the interatomic distances. Here, we report the analysis of structural units in YOSO using density functional theory calculations of electronic properties, lattice dynamics and experimental vibrational spectroscopy. The YOSO powder was successfully synthesized by decomposition of Y(SO) at high temperature.

Action of alkyl glycerol ethers and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids diet on hematological parameters of blood and liver plasmalogen level in aged rats.

One of the ways to reduce age-related changes can be a diet correction by adding biologically active substances. We studied the effect of a diet including alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrate isolated from the hepatopancreas of Berrytheuthis magister squid on hematological parameters and plasmalogens level in the liver of elderly rats. The senile animals showed decrease in hemoglobin, a three-fold decrease in leukocytes, a three-fold increase in platelet count, and a double decrease of blood coagulation time in the peripheral blood.

Heterologous Expression of Thermogutta terrifontis Endo-Xanthanase in Penicillium verruculosum, Isolation and Primary Characterization of the Enzyme.

Heterologous endo-xanthanase (EX) from the thermophilic planktomycete Thermogutta terrifontis strain was obtained using Penicillium verruculosum 537 (ΔniaD) expression system with the cellobiohydrolase 1 gene promoter. Homogeneous EX with a molecular weight of 23.7 kDa (pI 6.

Monoclinic SmAl(BO): synthesis, structural and spectroscopic properties.

Single crystals of SmAl(BO) were synthesized by the group growth on seeds method. The crystal structure was solved using a single-crystal experiment and the purity of the bulk material was proved by the Rietveld method. This borate crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with unit-cell parameters a = 7.

The Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The determination of immune mechanisms of inflammation in the disease presents an important challenge for fundamental medical research. According to modern views, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), among which TLR2 and TLR4 play a key role, are one of the essential components of inflammatory process in COPD.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in Asthma.

The complexity of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of chronic inflammation in asthma determines its heterogeneity and insufficient treatment effectiveness. Nuclear transcription factors, which include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, that is, PPARs, play an important role in the regulation of initiation and resolution of the inflammatory process. The ability of PPARs to modulate not only lipid homeostasis but also the activity of the inflammatory response makes them an important pathogenetic target in asthma therapy.

Synthesis of Samarium OxysulfateSmOSO in the High-Temperature Oxidation Reaction and Its Structural, Thermal and Luminescent Properties.

The oxidation process of samariumoxysulfide was studied in the temperature range of 500-1000 °C. Our DTA investigation allowed for establishing the main thermodynamic (∆Hº = -654.6 kJ/mol) and kinetic characteristics of the process (E = 244 kJ/mol, A = 2 × 10).

Structural, Electronic and Vibrational Properties of YAl(BO).

The crystal structure of YAl(BO) is obtained by Rietveld refinement analysis in the present study. The dynamical properties are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The experimental Raman and Infrared spectra are interpreted using the results of calculations within density functional theory.

Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in the Pathophysiology of Asthma.

Asthma is one of the most important medical and social problems of our time due to the prevalence and the complexity of its treatment. Chronic inflammation that is characteristic of asthma is accompanied by bronchial obstruction, which involves various lipid mediators produced from n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The review is devoted to modern ideas about the PUFA metabolites-eicosanoids (leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes) and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) maresins, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins.