Testing a Brief Quitline Intervention for Tobacco Cannabis Co-Users: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Tobacco cannabis co-use is common and becoming more prevalent. Frequent and heavy users of cannabis may struggle to quit smoking. Quitlines offer free cessation treatment in the United States and 25% of quitline callers may also be cannabis users.

Improving voluntary engagement for posttraumatic stress disorder treatment among active-duty service members using motivational enhancement therapy.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence in the military is high and effective treatments are underutilized. Motivational enhancement therapy (MET) "check-ups" are brief interventions to elicit treatment uptake for those who are nontreatment seeking. The aim of the current study was to test the efficacy of a novel MET intervention designed to promote treatment engagement among active-duty U.

Scoping Review of Cannabis-Reduction Psychosocial Interventions and Reasons for Use among Young Adults with Psychosis.

: No evidence-based intervention effectively reduces cannabis use in young adults with psychosis (YAP). To generate hypotheses about why, a scoping review was conducted to synthesize evidence about motivations for cannabis use and reduction/cessation for YAP and the psychosocial interventions trialed to identify possible gaps between motivations and interventive strategies. : A systematic literature search was conducted in December, 2022.

Provider Intentions to Implement Cannabis Use Intervention in First Episode Psychosis Treatment.

Young adults with first episode psychosis use cannabis at high rates. In light of progressively tolerant attitudes toward cannabis, decreased perceptions of risk, and limited implementation of substance use modules within coordinated specialty care (CSC) programs, this study sought to describe factors contributing to CSC providers' intentions to implement motivational enhancement therapy (MET) for cannabis reduction. Two focus groups were conducted with CSC providers (n = 14), with questions guided by theory of planned behavior.

Changes in lipid metabolism driven by steroid signalling modulate proteostasis in C. elegans.

Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases can be caused by mutations that enhance protein aggregation, but we still do not know enough about the molecular players of these pathways to develop treatments for these devastating diseases. Here, we screen for mutations that might enhance aggregation in Caenorhabditis elegans, to investigate the mechanisms that protect against dysregulated homeostasis. We report that the stomatin homologue UNC-1 activates neurohormonal signalling from the sulfotransferase SSU-1 in ASJ sensory/endocrine neurons.

A Community Engaged Approach in Adapting Motivational Interviewing and Skills Training for Native Americans With Experiences of Substance Misuse.

Objective: American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AIAN) are regenerating cultural knowledge and practices to adapt westernized evidence-based interventions to address health concerns such as substance use. This study describes the process of selecting, adapting, and implementing motivational interviewing plus cognitive behavior therapy (motivational interviewing + Skills Training; MIST) for use in a combined substance use intervention with a rural, Northwest tribal community.

Methods: An established community and academic partnership worked together to make culturally mindful changes to MIST.

Social support and treatment utilization for posttraumatic stress disorder: Examining reciprocal relations among active duty service members.

Evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are underutilized by active duty service members in the United States. Social support may help service members overcome avoidance and facilitate treatment utilization. In turn, treatment utilization may improve social support.

Does Effectiveness of a Brief Substance Use Treatment Depend on PTSD? An Evaluation of Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Active-Duty Army Personnel.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) has been associated with poorer treatment outcomes. The present study examined associations between provisional PTSD at baseline and 3 months with 6-month treatment outcomes from either a one-session motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or education intervention addressing substance use.

Method: Secondary analyses were conducted on a randomized clinical trial comparing a novel MET intervention to an educational intervention for Army personnel with SUD who were not engaged in SUD treatment ( = 242; 92.

The diverse functions of the DEG/ENaC family: linking genetic and physiological insights.

The DEG/ENaC family of ion channels was defined based on the sequence similarity between degenerins (DEG) from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and subunits of the mammalian epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and also includes a diverse array of non-voltage-gated cation channels from across animal phyla, including the mammalian acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and Drosophila pickpockets. ENaCs and ASICs have wide ranging medical importance; for example, ENaCs play an important role in respiratory and renal function, and ASICs in ischaemia and inflammatory pain, as well as being implicated in memory and learning. Electrophysiological approaches, both in vitro and in vivo, have played an essential role in establishing the physiological properties of this diverse family, identifying an array of modulators and implicating them in an extensive range of cellular functions, including mechanosensation, acid sensation and synaptic modulation.

Young adults with psychosis: Intentions for cannabis reduction and cessation based on theory of planned behavior.

Objective: Young adults experiencing a first episode of psychosis (FEP) have high rates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD). No evidence-based practice effectively treats CUD for people with FEP, and little is known about factors that influence intentions to reduce or stop using. A critical inquiry was conducted to identify salient factors contributing to intentions of young adults with FEP to reduce or discontinue cannabis use, guided by theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Physiological insight into the conserved properties of Caenorhabditis elegans acid-sensing degenerin/epithelial sodium channels.

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are members of the diverse family of degenerin/epithelial sodium channels (DEG/ENaCs). They perform a wide range of physiological roles in healthy organisms, including in gut function and synaptic transmission, but also play important roles in disease, as acidosis is a hallmark of painful inflammatory and ischaemic conditions. We performed a screen for acid sensitivity on all 30 subunits of the Caenorhabditis elegans DEG/ENaC family using two-electrode voltage clamp in Xenopus oocytes.

Barriers to Implementing a Cannabis Focused SBIRT in Adolescent Primary Care.

Introduction: The current study investigated providers' perceived barriers, supports, and need for adopting a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment model (SBIRT) intervention related to cannabis reduction into their community based primary care clinics.

Methods: Eleven pediatric primary care providers from regional community-based clinics participated in focus groups discussing a proposed adolescent cannabis use SBIRT reduction intervention, perceived need, and potential barriers to implementation within their clinic.

Results: Seven primary themes emerged regarding barriers to implementing a cannabis reduction SBIRT in primary care including provider ambivalence to adolescent cannabis use.

Development of StressCheck: A telehealth motivational enhancement therapy to improve voluntary engagement for PTSD treatment among active-duty service members.

Background: Rates of PTSD in active-duty military are high relative to the general population. Although efficacious treatments exist, they are underutilized. Many service members with PTSD do not present for treatment and, of those who do, many do not receive sufficient doses of the interventions to receive full benefits.

Distinct roles for two acid-sensing ion channels in an ultradian clock.

Biological clocks are fundamental to an organism's health, controlling periodicity of behaviour and metabolism. Here, we identify two acid-sensing ion channels, with very different proton sensing properties, and describe their role in an ultradian clock, the defecation motor program (DMP) of the nematode . An ACD-5-containing channel, on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium, is essential for maintenance of luminal acidity, and thus the rhythmic oscillations in lumen pH.

Adapting narrative exposure therapy with a tribal community: A community-based approach.

Objective: American Indian (AI) individuals are at increased risk for present-day trauma exposure and associated negative outcomes, as well as ongoing effects of intergenerational trauma exposure and adversity. However, few empirically supported treatments exist that are specifically tailored and/or tested with AI communities. This study describes the process of selecting, adapting, and implementing narrative exposure therapy (NET) with an AI community.

What's In It for Me? Motivating the Untreated Abuser to Consider Treatment.

This paper presents findings of a second trial evaluating telephone-based motivational enhancement therapy (MET) to motivate untreated and unadjudicated men who abuse their intimate partners to explore treatment options. Participants' perceptions of how their abuse is negatively affecting them personally are a highlight of the paper. One hundred forty-one adult men were recruited through social marketing and randomly assigned to the intervention (MET) or comparison (Mail) group.

The is involved in egg-laying inhibition in response to harsh touch.

The conserved family of Transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins has attracted significant interest since two members appear to be key components of the mammalian hair cell mechanotransducer involved in hearing. expresses two TMC proteins, TMC-1 and TMC-2. TMC-1 is widely expressed in in both muscles and the nervous system.

Interventions for cannabis use disorder.

How to treat adults and adolescents with a Cannabis Use Disorder is a burgeoning research area. This article reviews the empirical literature pertaining to several psychosocial approaches (cognitive-behavior therapy, motivational enhancement, and contingency management), all of which are associated with favorable outcomes. We also review the emerging research on the use of pharmacotherapy, brief interventions and technology-delivered interventions, and conclude with an overview of future research needs.

Treating cannabis use disorder: Exploring a treatment as needed model with 34-month follow-up.

Research has demonstrated that motivational enhancement (MET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are some of the most effective interventions for adults with cannabis use disorder (CUD). As few as two sessions of combined MET and CBT has produced abstinence and reductions in cannabis use greater than delayed treatment controls. Despite their efficacy, outcomes in previous studies yielded abstinence rates from cannabis in the range of 20-30% at follow-ups of 6 to 12 months, and CUD remained a chronic condition for many.

Discussing substance use with clients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A motivational interviewing approach.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, trauma-exposed individuals may have heightened risk for substance use. Using substances to cope may contribute to the development of problematic substance use over time. It is imperative to initiate conversations about substance use with clients during this time and motivational interviewing offers an ideal framework for doing so.

Distinct roles for innexin gap junctions and hemichannels in mechanosensation.

Mechanosensation is central to a wide range of functions, including tactile and pain perception, hearing, proprioception, and control of blood pressure, but identifying the molecules underlying mechanotransduction has proved challenging. In , the avoidance response to gentle body touch is mediated by six touch receptor neurons (TRNs), and is dependent on MEC-4, a DEG/ENaC channel. We show that hemichannels containing the innexin protein UNC-7 are also essential for gentle touch in the TRNs, as well as harsh touch in both the TRNs and the PVD nociceptors.

Mechanisms and moderators of intervention efficacy for soldiers with untreated alcohol use disorder.

Objective: This research evaluates changes in perceived military and civilian drinking norms as mechanisms of the effects of a motivational enhancement therapy (MET) intervention on changes in alcohol consumption among active-duty military personnel with a substance use disorder. We also evaluate the value of providing tolerance and family history risk-related personalized feedback by testing whether those receiving feedback indicating higher risk reduce their drinking more than those receiving feedback indicating lower risk or receiving no feedback.

Method: Participants ( = 242; = 28 years; 92% male; 59% Caucasian) completed a baseline questionnaire and were randomly assigned to a MET or educational control condition.

EFHC1, implicated in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, functions at the cilium and synapse to modulate dopamine signaling.

Neurons throughout the mammalian brain possess non-motile cilia, organelles with varied functions in sensory physiology and cellular signaling. Yet, the roles of cilia in these neurons are poorly understood. To shed light into their functions, we studied EFHC1, an evolutionarily conserved protein required for motile cilia function and linked to a common form of inherited epilepsy in humans, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).