Microcystoid macular edema in epiretinal membrane: not a retrograde maculopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence, clinical spectrum and pathophysiology of microcystoid macular edema (MME) in two cohorts of patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and idiopathic full thickness macular hole (FTMH).

Design: Single-center, Retrospective, interventional, cohort study.

Methods: Review of clinical charts, structural and en-face optical coherence tomographty (OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) imaging of ERM and FTMH eyes which underwent surgery with pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.

The role of multimodal imaging in characterization and monitoring of choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks.

Background: To characterize and monitor choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) secondary to angioid streaks (AS) using multimodal imaging and to compare the results with conventional fluorescein angiography (FA).

Methods: A total of 11 eyes with CNV secondary to AS were included in this retrospective study. Multimodal morphological and functional assessment, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), were used to assess for evidence of CNV activity and compared with conventional FA.

Ultrastructural Details of Epiretinal Membrane Foveoschisis.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe differences in the vitreomacular interface (VMI) in idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) foveoschisis compared to macular pseudohole (MPH) and lamellar macular hole (LMH).

Methods: We analysed surgically excised epiretinal material and internal limiting membrane (ILM) specimens obtained from 16 eyes of 16 patients with ERM foveoschisis (6 eyes), MPH (5 eyes), and LMH (5 eyes) during standard pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with membrane peeling. The three entities were classified according to the newly introduced optical coherence tomography (OCT) terminology.

PORES OF THE INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE: A Common Finding in Vitreomaculopathies.

Purpose: To describe presence and distribution of pores of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) in eyes with vitreomaculopathies.

Methods: Inner limiting membrane specimens were harvested from 117 eyes of 117 patients during vitrectomy with membrane peeling from eyes with vitreomacular traction syndrome, idiopathic and secondary epiretinal gliosis, and idiopathic full-thickness macular hole. All specimens were processed as flat-mounts for immunocytochemistry and examined by phase-contrast, interference, and fluorescence microscopy.

Long-Term Results of Adjunct Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in Lamellar Macular Hole Surgery Showing Lasting Restoration of Foveal Anatomy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-time results of highly concentrated autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) used as an adjunct in lamellar macular hole (LMH) surgery. Nineteen eyes of nineteen patients with progressive LMH were enrolled in this interventional case series, on which 23/25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed and 0.1 mL of highly concentrated autologous platelet-rich plasma was applied under air tamponade.

Optimal Patient Adherence and Long-Term Treatment Outcomes of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Real-Life.

Purpose: To report on long-term real-life outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with optimal patient adherence.

Methods: For this retrospective monocenter study, we identified 3217 eyes of 2793 patients that received a minimum of three intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for nAMD therapy between 2006 and 2014 at the University Eye Hospital Munich. From those, we included eyes with treatment-naïve nAMD, follow-up (FU) of ≥60 months and continuous adherence during FU.

Improving morphological outcome in lamellar macular hole surgery by using highly concentrated autologous platelet-rich plasma.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of highly concentrated autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in lamellar macular hole (LMH) surgery with regard to function and morphology.

Methods: We included 12 eyes of 12 patients with progressive LMH in this interventional case series. After 23/25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, 0.

Cell composition at the vitreomacular interface in traumatic macular holes.

Purpose: To describe characteristics of the vitreomacular interface (VMI) in traumatic macular holes (TMH) compared to idiopathic macular holes (IMH) using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, and to correlate with clinical data.

Methods: For immunocytochemical and ultrastructural analyses, premacular tissue with internal limiting membrane (ILM) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) was harvested during vitrectomy from 5 eyes with TMH and 5 eyes with IMH. All specimens were processed as flat mounts for phase-contrast microscopy, interference and fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Highly Concentrated Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Restores Foveal Anatomy in Lamellar Macular Hole Surgery.

Background: Lamellar macular holes (LMHs) are an entity of a progressive disease in which the efficacy of the therapy of choice, vitrectomy, seems to be reduced. It is unknown whether highly concentrated autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is of value in the therapy of LMHs. The purpose of this study was to gauge the potential of highly concentrated PRP to restore foveal anatomy in LMH surgery.

Overcoming barriers of retinal care delivery during a pandemic-attitudes and drivers for the implementation of digital health: a global expert survey.

Background/aims: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has imposed barriers to retinal care delivery worldwide. In this context, retinal services are exploring novel ways to ensure access to healthcare.

Methods: We conducted a worldwide survey among retinal specialists between March 31, 2020 and April 12, 2020.

CENTRAL POSTERIOR LENS CAPSULE USED INSTEAD OF AN INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP: A CLINIC-PATHOLOGICAL CASE REPORT.

Purpose: To present immunocytochemical characterization of a surgically excised central posterior lens capsule (PLC) that was transplanted to close a secondary refractory full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) as an epiretinal flap. For comparison, tissue of both an unaffected internal limiting membrane and unexposed PLC was processed.

Methods: Clinical-pathological case report.

Comparison of Vitreomacular Interface Changes in Myopic Foveoschisis and Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Foveoschisis.

Purpose: To compare characteristics of the vitreomacular interface (VMI) in myopic foveoschisis (mFS) and idiopathic epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (iERM-FS), and to correlate with optical coherence tomography and clinical data.

Design: Clinicopathologic study.

Methods: Epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane (ILM) specimens were removed from eyes with mFS (5 eyes) and iERM-FS (5 eyes).

Premacular Cells as Source of Neurotrophic Factors in Idiopathic Macular Holes.

: To describe the presence of neurotrophic growth factors and histopathologic characteristics of internal limiting membrane (ILM) specimens obtained from large idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (FTMH). : In 24 eyes of 24 patients with FTMH of diameter >400 µm, ILM specimens were harvested directly at the edge surrounding the macular hole during vitrectomy with peeling. We performed interference and phase contrast microscopy of flat mounts followed by immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy.

[Lamellar macular holes : Morphological characteristics and treatment success].

Background: In recent years the high resolution of optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has led to a more exact and detailed imaging of different morphological types of lamellar macular holes (LMH). This resulted in new knowledge on the pathogenesis, morphology and progression of the disease; however, this also resulted in a lack of clarity in the terminology and in particular led to uncertainty in the treatment of these patients in clinical practice.

Objective: This article gives an overview on the morphological characteristics and treatment indications for LMH with the aim of enabling a clear differentiation compared to other morphological alterations in traction macular pathologies.

Lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation presenting with perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex.

Purpose: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) commonly reveals lamellar-hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) as an avascular homogenous layer of premacular material with medium reflectivity, as recently described in various traction maculopathies, mostly in lamellar macular holes (LMH). We have used multimodal imaging to examine a patient suffering from unilateral advanced atrophic LMH presenting LHEP with perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC) and intra-LHEP edema fluctuating under anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (-VEGF) therapy.

Observation: A year-old male presented with decreased vision in the left eye attributable to longstanding LMH.

Premacular Cell Proliferation Profiles in Tangential Traction Vitreo-Maculopathies Suggest a Key Role for Hyalocytes.

Purpose: To compare immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of premacular tissue surgically removed from eyes with tangential traction vitreo-maculopathies.

Methods: By spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), premacular tissue was differentiated into premacular proliferation and premacular membrane (PMM). Specimens were harvested during vitrectomy from 10 eyes with macular pucker, lamellar macular hole (LMH) and full-thickness macular hole, and prepared for immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy.

Vitrectomy for Diabetic Macular Edema: Optical Coherence Tomography Criteria and Pathology of the Vitreomacular Interface.

Purpose: To correlate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) criteria and clinical data with pathology of the vitreomacular interface (VMI) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study and laboratory investigation.

Methods: We included specimens of 27 eyes of 26 patients with center-involved DME that underwent vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM).

Comparison of Surgically Excised Premacular Membranes in Eyes with Macular Pucker and Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To describe and compare characteristics of premacular membranes in idiopathic macular pucker (iMP) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) using immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy.

Materials And Methods: For immunocytochemical and ultrastructural analyses, premacular membranes were harvested during vitrectomy from 16 eyes with iMP and 12 eyes with PVR. All specimens were processed as flat mounts for phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy.

The Relationship Between Blue-Fundus Autofluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography in Eyes With Lamellar Macular Holes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between blue-fundus autofluorescence (B-FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with lamellar macular holes (LMHs).

Methods: this was a multicenter, observational case series. Ninety-two eyes with LMH associated with the standard epiretinal membrane (ERM) or lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) were evaluated.

Premacular membranes in tissue culture.

Purpose: To investigate integrity and characteristics of human premacular membranes (PMM) with and without standard tissue culturing using mechanical traction.

Methods: Premacular membranes were harvested from 32 eyes of 32 patients with idiopathic macular pucker during standard vitrectomy. By flat-mount preparation with phase contrast and interference microscopy, specimens were prepared for time-lapse microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy.