Evaluation of 3D-Printed Dog Teeth for Pre-clinical Training of Endodontic Therapy in Veterinary Dentistry.

Artificial teeth in dental training have become a valuable tool for students to gain hands-on experience in a safe and controlled environment. This training method allows students to practice various dental procedures and develop their skills without putting patients at risk. Artificial teeth can be used to simulate dental conditions, allowing students to gain experience in dealing with various situations and techniques.

Comparison of Hemodynamic Effects of Dobutamine and Ephedrine Infusions in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Horses.

The objective of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effects of dobutamine and ephedrine during the management of anesthesia-related hypotension in healthy horses. Thirteen horses underwent general anesthesia with isoflurane and were randomly divided into two different groups, one of which received a dobutamine constant rate infusion (CRI) (1 µg/kg bwt/min) and the other received an ephedrine CRI (20 µg/kg bwt/min) when hypotension (<60 mmHg) was identified, following up to 15 min after the blood pressure reached 70 mmHg. All horses were equipped with a pulmonary artery catheter and a peripheral artery catheter, and multiparameter monitoring commenced as soon as they were under mechanical ventilation.

The optimal PEEP after alveolar recruitment maneuver assessed by electrical impedance tomography in healthy horses.

Background: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been an essential tool for assessing pulmonary ventilation in several situations, such as the alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) in PEEP titration to maintain the lungs open after atelectasis reversion. In the same way as in humans and dogs, in horses, this tool has been widely used to assess pulmonary aeration undergoing anesthesia, mechanical ventilation, recruitment maneuver, standing horses, or specific procedures.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the distribution of regional ventilation during ARM based on lung monitoring assessment by EIT, with a focus on better recruitment associated with less or no overdistention.

Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in dogs undergoing ovariectomy.

Background: In medicine, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been shown as an effective method of analgesia in several surgical procedures. In this context, this prospective, randomized, blinded study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of TAP block, guided by ultrasound in female dogs submitted to ovariectomy.

Methods: Therefore, 32 animals randomly assigned in two groups ( = 16) were used.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic, oxygenation, microcirculation, and inflammatory markers in a porcine model of sepsis.

Purpose: To determine whether dexmedetomidine aggravates hemodynamic, metabolic variables, inflammatory markers, and microcirculation in experimental septic shock.

Methods: Twenty-four pigs randomized into: Sham group (n = 8), received saline; Shock group (n = 8), received an intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli O55 (3 × 109 cells/mL, 0.75 mL/kg, 1 hour); Dex-Shock group (n = 8), received bacteria and intravenous dexmedetomidine (bolus 0.

Assessment of Regional Ventilation During Recruitment Maneuver by Electrical Impedance Tomography in Dogs.

Background: During protective mechanical ventilation, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is used to monitor alveolar recruitment maneuvers as well as the distribution of regional ventilation. This technique can infer atelectasis and lung overdistention during mechanical ventilation in anesthetized patients or in the ICU. Changes in lung tissue stretching are evaluated by monitoring the electrical impedance of lung tissue with each respiratory cycle.

Sildenafil in endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension: an experimental study.

Background: Sepsis and septic shock still represent great challenges in critical care medicine. Sildenafil has been largely used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, but its effects in sepsis are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that sildenafil can attenuate endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension in a porcine model of endotoxemia.

Transient Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Holstein Neonate Calves.

The neonatal period is a challenging phase for calves, and during this phase constant adaptations are required. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the invasive hemodynamics with the Swan-Ganz catheter in neonate calves to understand adaptive changes during the first 30 days of life. A prospective and observational study was conducted with 10 Holstein calves.

Goniometric Assessment in French Bulldogs.

Goniometry is a low-cost, user-friendly and widely available technique used by different veterinary medicine professionals to estimate joint range of motion (ROM). Studies providing breed-specific reference ranges for goniometric measurements are scarce and there is a lack of information regarding joint angles in French Bulldogs. This prospective study set out to determine normal ROM for the carpus, elbow, shoulder, tarsus, stifle and hip joints in healthy, adult French Bulldogs using goniometry.

Small Animal Massage Therapy: A Brief Review and Relevant Observations.

Massage therapy is becoming increasingly popular in human and animal physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Wider application of the technique led to research efforts aimed at providing scientific support to anecdotal beneficial effects, particularly pain relief. Recent studies have shown that massage therapy alters dopamine and serotonin levels, decreases noradrenaline levels, and modulates the immune system.

Effect of hypertonic saline treatment on the inflammatory response after hydrochloric acid-induced lung injury in pigs.

Objectives: Hypertonic saline has been proposed to modulate the inflammatory cascade in certain experimental conditions, including pulmonary inflammation caused by inhaled gastric contents. The present study aimed to assess the potential anti-inflammatory effects of administering a single intravenous dose of 7.5% hypertonic saline in an experimental model of acute lung injury induced by hydrochloric acid.

Heart Rate Variability Analysis in an Experimental Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Pigs.

Background: The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown as a promising non-invasive technique for assessing the cardiac autonomic modulation in trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate HRV during hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation, comparing to traditional hemodynamic and metabolic parameters.

Methods: Twenty anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs were submitted to hemorrhagic shock (60% of estimated blood volume) and evaluated for 60 minutes without fluid replacement.

A comparison of pre and post-operative vedaprofen with ketoprofen for pain control in dogs.

Background: This prospective randomized blinded clinical study aimed to investigate the potential of vedaprofen for preventive analgesia, comparing its analgesic effects with ketoprofen administered post-operatively in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy.

Results: Pain control was effective and rescue analgesia was not necessary in any group. Pain scores were not significantly different between groups.

Evaluation of neuronal apoptosis precursors in an experimental model of acute normovolemic hemodilution.

Background: The effects of acute anemia on neuronal cells and the safe limits of hematocrit are not well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate neuronal pro- and anti-apoptotic Bax and Bcl-x proteins, caspase-3 and -9 activity, and DNA fragmentation after acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH).

Methods: Twenty-four pigs were anesthetized and randomized into 4 groups: Sham, ANH to 15% hematocrit (ANH15%), ANH to 10% hematocrit (ANH10%) and hypoxia (Hx).

The effect of premedication with ketamine, alone or with diazepam, on anaesthesia with sevoflurane in parrots (Amazona aestiva).

Background: Premedication is rarely used in avian species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of premedication on the quality of sevoflurane induction and anaesthesia in parrots. We hypothesised that premedication would facilitate handling and decrease the minimum anaesthetic dose (MAD).

Pulse pressure variation is comparable with central venous pressure to guide fluid resuscitation in experimental hemorrhagic shock with endotoxemia.

Introduction: Pulse pressure variation (PPV) has been proposed as a promising resuscitation goal, but its ability to predict fluid responsiveness has been questioned in various conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of PPV in predicting fluid responsiveness in experimental hemorrhagic shock with endotoxemia, while comparing it with goals determined by a conventional set of guidelines.

Methods: Twenty-seven pigs were submitted to acute hemorrhagic shock with intravenous infusion of endotoxin and randomized to three groups: (i) control; (ii) conventional treatment with crystalloids to achieve and maintain central venous pressure (CVP) 12 to 15 mmHg, mean arterial pressure of 65 mmHg or greater, and SvO2 (mixed venous oxygen saturation) of 65% or greater; (iii) treatment to achieve and maintain PPV of 13% or less.

A comparison between pulse pressure variation and right end diastolic volume index as guides to resuscitation in a model of hemorrhagic shock in pigs.

Background: Different hemodynamic parameters including static indicators of cardiac preload as right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) and dynamic parameters as pulse pressure variation (PPV) have been used in the decision-making process regarding volume expansion in critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to compare fluid resuscitation guided by either PPV or RVEDVI after experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: Twenty-six anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs were allocated into control (group I), PPV (group II), or RVEDVI (group III) group.

Evidence for myocardial defects under extreme acute normovolemic hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch and lactated ringer's solution.

Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) has been proposed to avoid the risks of allogenic transfusion. In reference to its cellular effects, ANH reports in the literature are scarce. Using electron microscopy (EM), we evaluated the effects of ANH on cardiac function and myocardial structure.

A comparative evaluation of inhaled halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane during acute normovolemic hemodilution in dogs.

The hemodynamic response to acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) can be affected by the anesthetics used. We randomized 18 mongrel dogs to undergo ANH with 3 different inhaled anesthetics: halothane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane. Hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and gastric pH were measured before blood withdrawal, at the end of hemodilution, and 30 and 60 min after the end of hemodilution.

Use of the scrotum as a transposition flap for closure of surgical wounds in three dogs.

Objective: To describe use of the scrotum as a pedicle flap to cover defects created by tumor excision in the perineum or caudal and medial aspect of the thigh.

Study Design: Clinical study.

Animals: Three dogs.

[Evaluation of low flow anesthesia, comparing pressure-controlled ventilation to time-cycled pressure-limited continuous flow ventilation: experimental model in rabbits.].

Background And Objectives: Despite the well-known advantages of rebreathing systems and low flow anesthesia, they are seldom used in small animals and pediatric anesthesia. The experimental model of this study was designed to evaluate a rebreathing system with flows between 500 to 1,000 ml.min-1 in small animals, in addition to comparing time-controlled pressure-limited and constant gas flow ventilation to pressure-controlled ventilation in a new anesthesia machine.