Sampling of freely dissolved per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water and groundwater using a newly developed passive sampler.

Passive sampling methods offer several advantages over traditional grab water sampling techniques, including time-integrative results which better represent long-term concentrations at the site and separation of the freely dissolved fraction of the contaminant which offers insight into the associated risk. This paper describes the performance of a newly developed equilibrium regimen passive sampler designed specifically for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), called PFAS INSIGHT®. The sampler is effective in sampling ionic (sulfonates and carboxylates) and non-ionic (PFAS precursors) PFAS from aqueous solutions with detection limits similar or lower (depending on the analyte) to those achievable with conventional water sample analysis.

Regeneration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance-laden granular activated carbon using a solvent based technology.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large class of chemicals widely used for many commercial and industrial applications and have resulted in contamination at sites across globally. Pump-and-treat systems, groundwater extraction, and ex situ treatment using granular activated carbon (GAC) are being implemented, either in full or pilot scale, to treat PFAS-impacted groundwater and drinking water. The only current method of regenerating spent GAC is to reactivate it at temperatures greater than 1000 °C, which requires large amounts of energy and is quite expensive.