Cardiorespiratory fitness and working memory in persons with traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional analysis.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a highly impactful consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and there are limited evidence-based treatment practices to combat these impairments. Evidence from other populations suggest that aerobic exercise training (AET) is beneficial for a variety of cognitive deficits, but the research in persons with TBI to date is equivocal. One potential reason is the heterogeneity of exercise prescriptions and outcome measures.

Examining Leisure Re-Engagement and Its Relationship With Self-Regulation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Engagement in leisure activities is a significant contributor to health. Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) report not returning to pre-injury levels of leisure participation. Self-regulation (SR) is a possible factor of limited re-engagement.

WHO-UCLA auditory verbal learning test: Normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States.

Background: Hispanics are a significant demographic in the U.S., with diverse cultures and languages.

Executive function tests: Normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States.

Background: Normative data for Spanish-speaking populations, particularly Hispanics in the U.S., is notably scarce.

Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis.

Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals.

A Combined Interventional Approach to Train Interview Skills in Autistic Transition-Age Youth.

Background: The job interview can be challenging for autistic adolescents considering the required social communication skills. Further, having decreased awareness of personal strengths may make it difficult to advocate for oneself to a future employer. The purpose of the current pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to examine the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of a combined interventional approach using: the Virtual Interview Tool for Autistic Transition-Age Youth (VIT-TAY) and Kessler Foundation Strength Identification and Expression (KF-STRIDE).

Neurobehavioral Symptoms in Spanish-Speaking Individuals With Subconcussive Injuries.

Objective: To examine whether exposure to high-risk events causing injury to the head or neck has an effect on neurobehavioral symptoms in the absence of an alteration of consciousness in Spanish-speakers.

Setting: Web-based survey.

Participants: Seven hundred forty-eight individuals from Spain and Latin America, aged 18 to 65 years, with 10 years or more of education.

Exercise as a behavioral approach to improve mood in persons with traumatic brain injury.

Mood disturbance is a common, long-term, negative consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is insufficiently addressed by most traditional treatment modalities. A large body of evidence supports the efficacy of exercise training (ET) to broadly improve mood, as measured most often by the Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, this behavioral approach is not used nearly enough in the TBI population, and when it is, mood is rarely measured.

Visuomotor misalignment induced through immersive virtual reality to improve spatial neglect: a case-series study.

One evidence-based treatment for spatial neglect is prism adaptation (PA) treatment. PA after-effects, i.e.

Rationale and methodology for examining the acute effects of aerobic exercise combined with varying degrees of virtual reality immersion on cognition in persons with TBI.

Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) commonly present with long-term cognitive deficits in executive function, processing speed, attention, and learning and memory. While specific cognitive rehabilitation techniques have shown significant success for deficits in individual domains, aerobic exercise training represents a promising approach for an efficient and general treatment modality that might improve many cognitive domains concurrently. Existing studies in TBI report equivocal results, however, and are hampered by methodological concerns, including small sample sizes, uncontrolled single-group designs, and the use of suboptimal exercise modalities for eliciting cognitive improvements in this population.

Validation of the Norma Latina neuropsychological assessment battery in individuals with multiple sclerosis in Mexico.

Background: Between 50-60% of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients have cognitive alterations. There are several batteries to assess cognitive impairments in MS, however, few exist for Latin Americans. The objective of this study is to evaluate the neuropsychological profile of Mexican people with MS (PwMS) and assess the utility of Norma Latina, a new battery for cognitive assessment in Latin America, in differentiating cognitive test performance between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs).

Mood and emotional disorders associated with parkinsonism, Huntington disease, and other movement disorders.

This chapter provides a review of mood, emotional disorders, and emotion processing deficits associated with diseases that cause movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism, Huntington's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia. For each disorder, a clinical description of the common signs and symptoms, disease progression, and epidemiology is provided. Then the mood and emotional disorders associated with each of these diseases are described and discussed in terms of clinical presentation, incidence, prevalence, and alterations in quality of life.

Assessing lifetime exposure to traumatic brain injury among an international sample of Spanish speakers.

Background: With structured interviews being an established method for assessing one's exposure to traumatic brain injury across their lifetime, effective assessment tools are needed to serve the large population of Spanish speakers in the U.S. and abroad.

Factor analysis of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory among a sample of Spanish-speakers.

A study was conducted to examine the factor structure of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) among a large community sample of 729 Spanish-speakers from the Continental United States (= 174, 23.9%), Latin America (= 465, 63.8%), and Spain (n= 90, 12.

Efficacy of the Spanish modified Story Memory Technique in Mexicans with multiple sclerosis: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Memory impairments commonly afflict individuals with MS. While evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation treatments are available in English, the lack of such interventions in Spanish is an important barrier to care for Hispanics with MS. There is class I evidence that the modified Story Memory Technique (mSMT) improves learning in English.

Cognitive Reserve Protects Against Memory Decrements Associated With Neuropathology in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To evaluate whether cognitive reserve (CR) moderates the relationship between neuropathology and cognitive outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Outpatient research organization.

Participants: Patients with complicated mild (n = 8), moderate (n = 9), and severe (n = 44) TBI.

Relationship Between Hispanic Nativity, Residential Environment, and Productive Activity Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine the influence of nativity and residential characteristics on productive activity among Hispanics at 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Acute rehabilitation facilities and community follow-up.

Participants: A total of 706 Hispanic individuals in the TBI Model Systems National Database.

The factor structure of the Disability Rating Scale in individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: To examine the factor structure of the Disability Rating Scale and the predictive validity of the scale's factors among individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Materials And Methods: Five hundred and eight individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury were administered the Disability Rating Scale. The sample was randomly divided into two groups.

Reciprocal Causation Between Functional Independence and Mental Health 1 and 2 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Lagged Panel Structural Equation Model.

Objective: The research attempting to disentangle the directionality of relationships between mental health and functional outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is growing but has yielded equivocal findings or focused on isolated predictors or isolated outcomes. The purpose of the current study was to use cross-lagged panel and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques to examine causality between comprehensive indices of mental health (depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction) and functional independence in a national sample of individuals with TBI over the first 2 years after injury.

Design: Participants were 4,674 individuals with TBI from the TBI Model Systems Database.

Comparison of FIM™ communication ratings for English versus non-English speakers in the traumatic brain injury model systems (TBIMS) national database.

Objective: To examine the effect of primary language on admission and discharge FIM™ communication ratings in a sample of individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design And Methods: Secondary data analysis of rehabilitation admission and discharge FIM™ communication ratings of 2795 individuals hospitalized at a Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) centre between 2007-2012.

Results: Individuals who spoke no English were rated worse on functional communication outcomes at inpatient rehabilitation discharge relative to individuals whose primary language was English.

The Multidimensional Influence of Acculturation on Digit Symbol-Coding and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Hispanics.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the relative contribution of acculturation to two tests of nonverbal test performance in Hispanics.

Method: This study compared 40 Hispanic and 20 non-Hispanic whites on Digit Symbol-Coding (DSC) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and evaluated the relative contribution of the various acculturation components to cognitive test performance in the Hispanic group.

Results: Hispanics performed significantly worse on DSC and WCST relative to non-Hispanic whites.