Operative options for extracranial nasal dermoid cysts: A meta-analysis.

Background: Nasal dermoid cysts are surgically treated using external incision, open rhinoplasty, transnasal endoscopy, or combined approaches. It is unclear how these approaches differ with regard to the incidence of adverse events.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies on the surgical management of midline nasal dermoids.

Partnering with health sciences libraries to address challenges in bioimaging data management and sharing.

Federal mandates, publishing requirements, and an interest in open science have all generated renewed attention on research data management and, in particular, data sharing practices. Due to the size and types of data they produce, bioimaging researchers confront specific challenges in aligning their data with FAIR principles, ensuring that it is findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. Although not always recognized by researchers, libraries can, and have been, offering support for data throughout its lifecycle by assisting with data management planning, acquisition, processing and analysis, and sharing and reuse of data.

The interrelationship between food security, climate change, and gender-based violence: A scoping review with system dynamics modeling.

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global public health and human rights problem that is exacerbated by social and environmental stressors for a multitude of interpersonal, cultural, and economic reasons. Through sudden disruptions in the microclimate of a region, climate shocks often have a negative impact on food security, which correlates with increases in GBV. Associations between the various combinations of GBV, climate change, and food insecurity have been documented in the growing international literature, but questions remain about these associations that require further clarification.

Left- vs right-sided migraine: a scoping review.

Background: Migraine is a historically unilateral head pain condition, the cause of which is not currently known. A growing body of literature suggests individuals who experience migraine with left-sided headache ("left-sided migraine") may be distinguished from those who experience migraine with right-sided headache ("right-sided migraine").

Objective: In this scoping review, we explore migraine unilaterality by summarizing what is currently known about left- and right-sided migraine.

Systematic review on chronic non-communicable disease in disaster settings.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute the leading cause of mortality globally. Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) not only experience the largest burden of humanitarian emergencies but are also disproportionately affected by NCDs, yet primary focus on the topic is lagging. We conducted a systematic review on the effect of humanitarian disasters on NCDs in LMICs assessing epidemiology, interventions, and treatment.

A review of interventions for noncommunicable diseases in humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are of increasing prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), affected by disasters. Humanitarian actors are increasingly confronted with how to effectively manage NCDs, yet primary focus on this topic is lacking. We conducted a systematic review on the effects of disasters on NCDs in LMICs.

Systematic review on epidemiology, interventions and management of noncommunicable diseases in acute and emergency care settings in Kenya.

Introduction: Mortality and morbidity from Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Africa are expected to worsen if the status quo is maintained. Emergency care settings act as a primary point of entry into the health system for a spectrum of NCD-related illnesses, however, there is a dearth of literature on this population. We conducted a systematic review assessing available evidence on epidemiology, interventions and management of NCDs in acute and emergency care settings in Kenya, the largest economy in East Africa and a medical hub for the continent.

Coupling neuroscience and driving simulation: A systematic review of studies on crash-risk behaviors in young drivers.

Objective: Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study is to examine and discuss the state-of-the-art literature which uses neuroscience methods in the context of driving simulation to study adolescent and young adult drivers.

Methods: We conducted a systematic English-language literature search of Ovid MEDLINE (1946-2020), PsycINFO (1967-2020), PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and CINAHL using keywords and MeSH terms.

"Is My Heart Healing?" A Meta-synthesis of Patients' Experiences After Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Recovery from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been primarily understood in a narrow medical sense. For patients who survive, secondary prevention focuses largely on enhancing clinical outcomes. As a result, there is a lack of descriptive accounts of patients' experiences after AMI and little is known about how people go about the challenge of recovering from such an event.

Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Seizures: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Up to 40% of patients with epilepsy experience seizures despite treatment with antiepileptic drugs; however, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has shown promise in treating refractory epilepsy.

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate all published studies that investigated the effects of BCAAs on seizures, emphasizing therapeutic efficacy and possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods: On 31 January, 2017, the following databases were searched for relevant studies: MEDLINE (OvidSP), EMBASE (OvidSP), Scopus (Elsevier), the Cochrane Library, and the unindexed material in PubMed (National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health).

Use of non-face-to-face modalities for emergency department screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (ED-SBIRT) for high-risk alcohol use: A scoping review.

The purpose of this review was to examine and chart the "scope" of strategies reported in ED-SBIRT (emergency department-based screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment) studies that employ non-face-to-face (nFtF) modalities for high-risk alcohol use (i.e., risk for alcohol-related injury, medical condition, use disorder) and to identify research gaps in the scientific literature.

Preoperative chlorhexidine mouthwash to reduce pneumonia after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Postoperative pneumonia is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery, entailing increased patient morbidity, mortality, and health care burden. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative chlorhexidine mouthwash is associated with reduced postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic search of NLM Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health was executed to include the studies since inception to June 27, 2017, which assessed the effects of preoperative chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash on postoperative pneumonia.

Is palliative care cost-effective in low-income and middle-income countries? A mixed-methods systematic review.

Introduction: Of the 40 million people globally in need of palliative care (PC), just 14% receive it, predominantly in high-income countries. Within fragile health systems that lack PC, incurable illness is often marked by pain and suffering, as well as burdensome costs. In high-income settings, PC decreases healthcare utilisation, thus enhancing value.

Data challenges of biomedical researchers in the age of omics.

Background: High-throughput technologies are rapidly generating large amounts of diverse omics data. Although this offers a great opportunity, it also poses great challenges as data analysis becomes more complex. The purpose of this study was to identify the main challenges researchers face in analyzing data, and how academic libraries can support them in this endeavor.

Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord following nitrous oxide anesthesia: A systematic review of cases.

Objective: Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to subacute combined degeneration (SCD). Nitrous oxide (NO) is an anesthetic which oxidizes the cobalt ion of vitamin B12, interfering with its function as a coenzyme. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of reported cases of SCD following nitrous oxide anesthesia.

Mannitol in Critical Care and Surgery Over 50+ Years: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Complications With Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Despite clinical use spanning 50+ years, questions remain concerning the optimal use of mannitol. The published reviews with meta-analysis frequently focused on mannitol's effects on a specific physiological aspect such as intracranial pressure (ICP) in sometimes heterogeneous patient populations. A comprehensive review of mannitol's effects, as well as side effects, is needed.

Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Yield and Density in Head and Neck Malignancies.

Objective Studies have suggested that the lymph node yield and lymph node density from selective or elective neck dissections are predictive of patient outcomes and may be used for patient counseling, treatment planning, or quality measurement. Our objective was to systematically review the literature and conduct a meta-analysis of studies that investigated the prognostic significance of lymph node yield and/or lymph node density after neck dissection for patients with head and neck cancer. Data Sources The Ovid/Medline, Ovid/Embase, and NLM PubMed databases were systematically searched on January 23, 2017, for articles published between January 1, 1946, and January 23, 2017.

Facilitating Tough Conversations: Using an Innovative Simulation-Primed Qualitative Inquiry in Pediatric Research.

Deep exploration of a complex health care issue in pediatrics might be hindered by the sensitive or infrequent nature of a particular topic in pediatrics. Health care simulation builds on constructivist theories to guide individuals through an experiential cycle of action, self-reflection, and open discussion, but has traditionally been applied to the educational domain in health sciences. Leveraging the emotional activation of a simulated experience, investigators can prime participants to engage in open dialogue for the purposes of qualitative research.

Pharmacologic Neuroprotection for Functional Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Literature.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The deleterious effects of secondary brain injury may be attenuated by early pharmacological therapy in the emergency room and intensive care unit (ICU). Current medical management of acute TBI is primarily supportive, aimed at reducing intracranial pressure (ICP) and optimizing cerebral perfusion.

Tapping into a vital resource: Understanding the motivators and barriers to blood donation in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has a need for blood and blood products that exceeds current availability. This unmet demand is evidenced by persistently high mortality rates associated with potentially reversible conditions such as haemorrhage and anaemia. This study reviews current literature on blood donation in SSA to identify common local motivators and deterrents to blood donation and highlights specific interventions that have successfully increased the number of blood donors in this region.

Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scales Based on Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing: A Systematic Review.

Identification of pharyngeal residue severity located in the valleculae and pyriform sinuses has always been a primary goal during fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Pharyngeal residue is a clinical sign of potential prandial aspiration making an accurate description of its severity an important but difficult challenge. A reliable, validated, and generalizable pharyngeal residue severity rating scale for FEES would be beneficial.

Improving emergency physician performance using audit and feedback: a systematic review.

Background: Audit and feedback can decrease variation and improve the quality of care in a variety of health care settings. There is a growing literature on audit and feedback in the emergency department (ED) setting. Because most studies have been small and not focused on a single clinical process, systematic assessment could determine the effectiveness of audit and feedback interventions in the ED and which specific characteristics improve the quality of emergency care.

The changing landscape of anesthesia education: is Flipped Classroom the answer?

Purpose Of Review: Educators in the specialty of anesthesiology are facing a number of challenges. A new generation of residents are entering the specialty and they have unique learning styles and expectations. The new duty hour regulations also encroach on the time available to the residents for education.