Farm-to-fork changes in poultry microbiomes and resistomes in Maputo City, Mozambique.

Unlabelled: Increasing demand for poultry has spurred poultry production in low- and middle-income countries like Mozambique. Poultry may be an important source of foodborne, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to consumers in settings with limited water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure. The Chicken Exposures and Enteric Pathogens in Children Exposed through Environmental Pathways (ChEEP ChEEP) study was conducted in Maputo City, Mozambique from 2019 to 2021 to quantify enteric pathogen exposures along the supply chain for commercial and local (i.

Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique.

The burden of foodborne disease due to the consumption of animal-sourced foods is substantial in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Open air markets, while providing fresh and affordable foods, often have unhygienic practices that may contribute to contamination during the slaughter and processing of chicken meat. This study examines whether and how the common practice of rinse water (stored water used for rinsing broiler carcasses during processing) reuse leads to accumulation of pathogens, with potential cross contamination of chicken meat.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and analysis of rodent blood stage Plasmodium.

Bulk RNA sequencing of Plasmodium spp., the causative parasite of malaria, fails to discriminate developmental-stage-specific gene regulation. Here, we provide a protocol that uses single-cell RNA sequencing of FACS-sorted Plasmodium-chabaudi-chabaudi-AS-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) to characterize developmental-stage-specific modulation of gene expression during malaria blood stage.

The Nexus between Fire and Soil Bacterial Diversity in the African Miombo Woodlands of Niassa Special Reserve, Mozambique.

(1) Background: the Miombo woodlands comprise the most important vegetation from southern Africa and are dominated by tree legumes with an ecology highly driven by fires. Here, we report on the characterization of bacterial communities from the rhizosphere of in different soil types from areas subjected to different regimes. (2) Methods: bacterial communities were identified through Illumina MiSeq sequencing (16S rRNA).

Mining the Microbiome of Key Species from African Savanna Woodlands: Potential for Soil Health Improvement and Plant Growth Promotion.

(1) Aims: Assessing bacterial diversity and plant-growth-promoting functions in the rhizosphere of the native African trees and in three landscapes of the Limpopo National Park (Mozambique), subjected to two fire regimes. (2) Methods: Bacterial communities were identified through Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons, followed by culture dependent methods to isolate plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Plant growth-promoting traits of the cultivable bacterial fraction were further analyzed.

Evaluation of the relative roles of the Tabanidae and Glossinidae in the transmission of trypanosomosis in drug resistance hotspots in Mozambique.

Background: Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) and tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) are haematophagous insects of medical and veterinary importance due to their respective role in the biological and mechanical transmission of trypanosomes. Few studies on the distribution and relative abundance of both families have been conducted in Mozambique since the country's independence. Despite Nicoadala, Mozambique, being a multiple trypanocidal drug resistance hotspot no information regarding the distribution, seasonality or infection rates of fly-vectors are available.

Diversification of African Tree Legumes in Miombo-Mopane Woodlands.

The southern African Miombo and Mopane ecoregions constitute a unique repository of plant diversity whose diversification and evolutionary history is still understudied. In this work, we assessed the diversity, distribution, and conservation status of Miombo and Mopane tree legumes within the Zambezian phytoregion. Data were retrieved from several plant and gene databases and phylogenetic analyses were performed based on genetic barcodes.

Nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit during 16 years: 1997-2012.

Introduction: Surveillance of nosocomial infections (NIs) is an essential part of quality patient care; however, there are few reports of National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and none in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of NIs, causative organisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in a large cohort of neonates admitted to the NICU during a 16-year period.

Methods: The patients were followed 5 times per week from birth to discharge or death, and epidemiological surveillance was conducted according to the NHSN.

Genotypic study documents divergence in the pathogenesis of bloodstream infection related central venous catheters in neonates.

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis of bloodstream infection by Staphylococcus epidermidis, using the molecular epidemiology, in high-risk neonates.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of a cohort of neonates with bloodstream infection using central venous catheters for more than 24h. "National Healthcare Safety Network" surveillance was conducted.

Reduction of catheter-associated bloodstream infections through procedures in newborn babies admitted in a university hospital intensive care unit in Brazil.

Introduction: Catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) is the most common nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units. There is evidence that care bundles to reduce CA-BSI are effective in the adult literature. The aim of this study was to reduce CA-BSI in a Brazilian neonatal intensive care unit by means of a care bundle including few strategies or procedures of prevention and control of these infections.

Late onset sepsis and intestinal bacterial colonization in very low birth weight infants receiving long-term parenteral nutrition.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to establish the late onset sepsis (LOS) rate of our service, characterize the intestinal microbiota and evaluate a possible association between gut flora and sepsis in surgical infants who were receiving parenteral nutrition (PN).

Methods: Surveillance cultures of the gut were taken at the start of PN and thereafter once a week. Specimens for blood culture were collected based on clinical criteria established by the medical staff.

Nosocomial infections in a Brazilian neonatal intensive care unit: a 4-year surveillance study.

Introduction: Report the incidence of nosocomial infections, causative microorganisms, risk factors associated with and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in the NICU of the Uberlândia University Hospital.

Methods: Data were collected through the National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance from January 2006 to December 2009. The patients were followed five times/week from their birth to their discharge or death.

[Air contamination levels in operating rooms during surgery of total hip and total knee arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty and osteosynthesis in the surgical center of a Brazilian hospital].

Introduction: The air contamination levels during orthopedic surgeries were evaluated.

Methods: The air of operating rooms (ORs) was examined through exposure to microbiological plates placed near the surgical table for an hour.

Results: values above that recommended (369 CFU/m³) for conventional ORs and ORs with ultraclean air were determined.

Two outbreaks of mixed etiology associated with central venous catheters inserted by phlebotomy in critical neonates.

Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are the main cause of sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Central venous catheters (CVCs) are an important part of critical neonates' treatment and are associated with sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate two outbreaks caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with CVC inserted by phlebotomy in critical neonates.

Occurrence of bloodstream infection with different types of central vascular catheter in critically neonates.

Objective: The aim of this research was to assess the incidence of CVC-associated/related to bloodstream infection (BSI) to different types of CVC, by classes of neonatal birth weight.

Methods: The research was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Uberlandia University Hospital from April/2006 through April/2008. The population analyzed comprised neonates who had at least one CVC placed for longer than 24h, followed-up through epidemiologic vigilance "National Healthcare Safety Network".

[Risk factors associated with colonization by Candida spp in neonates hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Brazil].

The objectives of this study were to investigate the participation of Candida albicans and non-albicans as colonization and sepsis agents, along with the risk factors associated with the neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit of the clinical hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia. Epidemiological surveillance was implemented through the National Healthcare Safety Network between August 2007 and April 2008. The incidence rate for sepsis with microbiological criteria was 6.

Duplication of the Asymmetric Leaves1/Rough Sheath 2/Phantastica (ARP) gene precedes the explosive radiation of the Ruschioideae.

The Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae subfamilies are a major component of the Greater Cape Floristic Region in southern Africa. The Ruschioideae show an astonishing diversity of leaf shape and growth forms. Although 1,585 species are recognised within the morphologically diverse Ruschioideae, these species show minimal variation in plastid DNA sequence.