Legal situation and current practice of waste incineration bottom ash utilisation in Europe.

Almost 500 municipal solid waste incineration plants in the EU, Norway and Switzerland generate about 17.6 Mt/a of incinerator bottom ash (IBA). IBA contains minerals and metals.

Combination of Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model and sediment physico-chemical characteristics for the prediction of the distribution of trace metal contamination in a stormwater detention basin.

Elevated trace metal concentrations in sediments pose a major problem for the management of stormwater detention basins. These basins provide a nature-based solution to remove particulate pollutants through settling, but the resuspension of these contaminated deposits may impact the quality of both surface and groundwater. A better understanding of trace metal distribution will help to improve basin design and sediment management.