Effects of nasal high flow on ventilation in volunteers, COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients.

Background: A high flow of air applied by large bore nasal cannulae has been suggested to improve symptoms of chronic respiratory insufficiency. In pediatric patients, nasal high-flow (nHF) ventilation was similarly effective compared to noninvasive ventilation with a face mask.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe changes in respiratory parameters.

Opposing roles for dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors in discrete cue-induced reinstatement of food seeking.

We used a rat reinstatement model to test the involvement of dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors in discrete cue-induced reinstatement of food seeking. At a dose that did not alter responding during food self-administration, the D1-like antagonist SCH-23390 blocked reinstatement of food seeking, while the D2-like antagonist eticlopride significantly increased reinstatement responding. Thus, these results establish opposing roles for D1- and D2-like receptors in discrete cue-induced relapse to food seeking.