COVID-19 Inflammatory Syndrome: Lessons from TNFRI and CRP about the Risk of Death in Severe Disease.

: Cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 is responsible for irreversible tissue damage and death. Soluble mediators from the TNF superfamily, their correlation with clinical outcome, and the use of TNF receptors as a potent predictor for clinical outcome were evaluated. : Severe COVID-19 patients had the levels of soluble mediators from the TNF superfamily quantified and categorized according to the clinical outcome (death versus survival).

New immunological aspects of peri-implantitis.

Background: The authors compared the levels of HIF1-α, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-10 in peri-implant crevicular fluid between patients with or without peri-implantitis. HIF-1α levels were significantly high in the peri-implantitis possibly due to hypoxia triggered by persistent inflammation.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the levels of HIF1-α, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with and without peri-implantitis.

Genetic variation of FcγRIIa induces higher uptake of and modulates cytokine production by adherent mononuclear cells .

Introduction: Single nucleotide variations (SNVs) are specific genetic variations that commonly occur in a population and often do not manifest phenotypically. However, depending on their location and the type of nucleotide exchanged, an SNV can alter or inhibit the function of the gene in which it occurs. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) receptor genes have exhibited several polymorphisms, including rs1801274, which is found in the FcgRIIa gene.

Comparative Analysis of TNF-alpha, TNF-R1, and TNF-R2 in Patients with Low-impact Fractures Due to Osteoporosis.

 To analyze the serum levels of TNF-alpha and its TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 receptors in the blood of patients with low-impact fractures due to osteoporosis, comparing between genders and with healthy patients.  The present study was conducted with a blood sample of 62 patients, divided into patients with osteoporosis and healthy patients. The results were obtained using the ELISA method.

Evaluation of Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases Immunomodulated Due to the Use of TNF Blockers.

(1) Background: TNF antagonists have been used to treat autoimmune diseases (AD). However, during the chronic phase of toxoplasmosis, TNF-α and TNFR play a significant role in maintaining disease resistance and latency. Several studies have demonstrated the risk of latent infections' reactivation in patients infected with toxoplasmosis.

Association of gestational diabetes mellitus and negative modulation of the specific humoral and cellular immune response against .

In order to evaluate and compare the specific immune response of pregnant women (PW) chronically infected with , with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the humoral response of their respective newborns (NB), the study was carried out on 81 PW (34 GDM and 47 controls) from whose medical records the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were obtained, and blood samples were collected at the third trimester of pregnancy; also, on 45 NBs (20 GDM and 25 controls) from whom umbilical cord blood samples were obtained. Humoral immunity was analyzed by measuring anti- total IgG, IgG subclasses and IgG avidity. To evaluate cellular immunity, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 32 PW (16 GDM and 16 controls) were cultured, supernatant cytokines were determined, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze the expression at lymphocytes of surface molecules, cytokines and transcription factors.

Immunophenotypic Analysis of T Lymphocytes and Cytokine Production in Elderly Practicing Physical Activities and Its Relationship with Quality of Life and Depression.

Aging is a complex process often associated with a chronic inflammatory profile that alters several biological functions, including the immune system and cognitive and physical capacity. The practice of physical activity is increasingly gaining popularity as a method of preventing infections, depression, and other disorders that affect the quality of life of the elderly. Thus, this work analyzes the profile of cytokines and molecular markers expressed in immune cells of elderly people who practice physical activities or not, evaluating their impacts on the immune system and quality of life.

Evaluation of Hormonal Influence in Patients with Fractures Attributed to Osteoporosis.

 The present study aims to evaluate the influence of hormonal levels of vitamin D, calcitonin, testosterone, estradiol, and parathyroid in patients with fractures attributed to osteoporosis when compared with young patients with fractures resulting from high-impact accidents.  Blood samples were collected from 30 elderly patients with osteoporosis-attributed fractures (T-score ≤ -2.5) (osteoporotic group), and from 30 young patients with fractures resulting from high-impact accidents (control group).

IgG Subclass Analysis in Patients with Chagas Disease 4 Years After Benznidazole Treatment.

Background: In humans, Trypanosoma cruzi infection is controlled by a complex immune response. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is important for opsonizing blood trypomastigotes, activating the classic complement pathway, and reducing parasitemia. The trypanocidal activity of benznidazole is recognized, but its effects on the prevention and progression of Chagas disease is not well understood OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the levels of total IgG and cross-specific IgG subclasses in patients with chronic Chagas disease of different clinical forms before and after 4 years of benznidazole treatment.

Overexpression of HIF-1α and Morphological Alterations in the Tongue of Rats Exposed To Secondhand Smoke.

Smoking is a risk factor for serious health problems and is associated with several changes in the tissues of the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the collagen percentage, mast cells density, intensity of immunolabeled cells by anti-HIF-1α in the musculature lingual of rats exposed to secondhand smoke. Twenty-seven female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: rats not exposed to tobacco smoke inhalation (Control group) (n=7); rats exposed to smoke inhalation for 30 days (TAB 30) (n=10); and rats exposed to smoke inhalation for 45 days (TAB 45) (n=10).

Although with intact mucosa at colonoscopy, chagasic megacolons have an overexpression of Gal-3.

Objective: To evaluate the density of anti-galectin-3-immunostained cells, collagen percentage, mast cell density and presence of pathological processes in intestinal muscle biopsies of patients.

Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent intestinal biopsy were selected from 1997 to 2015. Patients were divided into three groups: chagasic patients with mucosal lesion (n=13), chagasic patients with intact mucosa (n=12) and non-chagasic patients with no mucosal lesion (n=10).

Lingual salivary gland hypertrophy and decreased acinar density in chagasic patients without megaesophagus.

Although the salivary glands present several functions, there are few studies evaluating these glands in Chagas disease (CD). This study aimed to compare the percentage of collagen, the presence of inflammation, the density of chimase and tryptase mast cells, the area and density of lingual salivary gland acini in autopsied individuals with and without (CD). We analyzed 400 autopsy reports performed in a tertiary public hospital from 1999 to 2015 and selected all the cases in which tongue fragments were collected (27 cases), 12 with chronic CD without megaesophagus (CH) and 15 without CD (non-chagasic - NC).

Arginase-1 and Treg Profile Appear to Modulate Inflammatory Process in Patients with Chronic Gastritis: May Be the Alarm Cytokine in -Positive Patients.

() is a highly prevalent bacterium in our environment, directly involved in various upper digestive tract diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Several molecules activating the immune system have been reported to be involved in containing infection. This study is aimed at analyzing the mRNA expression of the cytokines , , , , , , , and ; transcription factors , , and ; enzymes , , and ; and neuropeptides and and their respective receptors and in the stomach lining of patients with severe digestive disorders.

T-Cell Immunophenotyping and Cytokine Production Analysis in Patients with Chagas Disease 4 Years after Benznidazole Treatment.

The major problem with Chagas disease is evolution of the chronic indeterminate form to a progressive cardiac disease. Treatment diminishes parasitemia but not clinical progression, and the immunological features involved are unclear. Here, we studied the clinical course and the immune response in patients with chronic-phase Chagas disease at 48 months after benznidazole treatment.

Streptococcus mutans detection in saliva and colostrum samples.

Objective: To detect Streptococcus mutans in colostrum and saliva of neonates and compare with its detection in saliva of mothers.

Methods: Forty-three healthy women, full-term gestations with no complications, submitted to elective Cesarean section, and their newborns were included in the study. Samples were investigated by polymerase chain reaction to detect S.

High in situ mRNA levels of IL-22, TFG-β, and ARG-1 in keloid scars.

Keloid scars are currently considered a chronic inflammatory process and no longer a benign skin tumor. Keloids are defined as highly inflamed, hyperproliferative pathological scars. Growth factors and cytokines have important functions in the keloid inflammatory etiopathogenesis.

Levels of Pro and Anti-inflammatory Citokynes and C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Submitted to Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment.

Aim: to compare the levels of IFN-γ, TGF-β and C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy patients (HP) and chronic periodontitis patients (CP) before and seven days after the last session of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment (NSPT). Materials and Methods: 40 subjects were divided into two groups: healthy (n= 20), and with chronic periodontitis (n = 20). Serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from each patient and quantified for IFN-γ, TGF-β and CRP using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Streptococcus mutans in Umbilical Cord Blood, Peripheral Blood, and Saliva from Healthy Mothers.

The aims of this study were to analyze the presence of Streptococcus mutans (SM)-DNA in cord blood (CB), maternal peripheral blood (PB), and maternal saliva (SA) and compare with data collected in health surveys. Sixty-four healthy women with pregnancies to term and without complications attending for elective cesarean section in the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo were included. Samples of PB and unstimulated SA were obtained on the day of hospitalization and samples of CB were collected after the delivery section.

Analysis of colostrum IgA against bacteria involved in neonatal infections.

Objective: To describe e compare the specificity of IgA antibodies against bacteria extract of Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , and Salmonella enteritidis .

Methods: Colostrum samples were aseptically collected in the first 12 hours after C-section delivery. The specificity of IgA against bacteria extracts was analyzed by the Western blot.

Modulation of Galectin-3 and Galectin 9 in gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis and positive Helicobacter pylori infection.

Objectives: Galectins are mediators that play an important role in the inflammatory response and in this study we analyzed the expression of Galectins (Gal) -1, -3 and -9 in biopsies of the gastric antrum of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methodology: 44 patients with upper digestive tract symptoms were evaluated, and underwent Upper Digestive Endoscopy examination. Sections of the gastric antrum were fixed in buffered formaldehyde at 4% in order to perform the anatomopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis for Galectins-1, -3 and -9 expression.

Analysis of CD15, CD57 and HIF-1α in biopsies of patients with peri-implantitis.

Peri-implantitis is an infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant, bleeding on probing with or without suppuration, and bone loss. Peri-implant lesions contain a leukocyte infiltrate of plasma cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. A survey of the literature did not show any studies reporting an association between hypoxia and peri-implantitis.

In Situ Cytokine Expression and Morphometric Evaluation of Total Collagen and Collagens Type I and Type III in Keloid Scars.

Keloids are characterized by excessive collagen deposition and growth beyond the edges of the initial injury, and cytokines may be related to their formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the collagen fibers, analyze in situ expression of cytokines in keloid lesions, and compare to the control group. Results showed that there was a predominance of women and nonwhite and direct black ancestry.

Evaluation of the immunohistochemical expression of Gal-1, Gal-3 and Gal-9 in the colon of chronic chagasic patients.

Objective And Design: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Gal-1, Gal-3 and Gal-9 in the colon of chronic chagasic patients compared to biopsied non-chagasic patients.

Material Or Subjects: Thirty-two colon fragments were selected from chagasic patients with megacolon (n=25) and nonchagasic patients without megacolon (n=7).

Methods: Immunohistochemistry for Gal-1, Gal-3 and Gal-9 was performed using a common light microscope and the results were scored 0-3 according to labeling intensity.

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 14, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 3, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 4, and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Development of Periapical Lesions.

Introduction: Periapical cysts and granulomas are chronic lesions caused by an inflammatory immune response against microbial challenge in the root canal. Different cell types, cytokines, and molecules have been associated with periapical lesion formation and expansion. Therefore, because of the chronic inflammatory state of these lesions, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in situ expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 and -19, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 and -4, CD68, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in periapical cysts and granulomas.

Comparisons of IgA response in saliva and colostrum against oral streptococci species.

The present study compared IgA specificity against oral streptococci in colostrum and saliva samples. Sixty-two mother-and-child pairs were included; samples of colostrum (C) and saliva (MS) were collected from the mothers and saliva samples were collected from babies (BS). The specificity of IgA against Streptococcus mutans and S.