Tracheobronchial Diverticulosis.

Tracheal diverticulosis is a rare and benign disorder, characterized by single or multiple tracheal wall outpouchings, either congenital or acquired, usually diagnosed incidentally on chest high‑resolution computed tomography, and in general remaining asymptomatic.

Pleuropulmonary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma.

We present the CT, thoracoscopic, and histological findings of a 55-year-old female with pleuropulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. The CT scan revealed pleuropulmonary lesions, and thoracoscopy allowed direct visualization and biopsy of the lesions. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis, emphasizing the utility of combining imaging, endoscopic, and pathological methods in diagnosing this rare tumor.

Mega Virchow-Robin.

Perivascular spaces, also known as Virchow-Robin spaces, are fluid-filled spaces that surround the vessel walls from the subarachnoid space through the brain parenchyma.

Unusual Air Crescents on Chest Radiographs.

The air crescent (AC) is a common radiological sign. Even if its commonest aetiology remains pulmonary aspergillosis, various other causes have been described. In this study, we report four rare causes of ACs seen on chest radiographs that haven't been described in the literature.

Radiographic Detection of Post-Traumatic Bone Fractures: Contribution of Artificial Intelligence Software to the Analysis of Senior and Junior Radiologists.

Objectives: The aims of this study were: (a) to evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) software package (Boneview Trauma, Gleamer) for the detection of post-traumatic bone fractures in radiography as a standalone; (b) used by two radiologists (osteoarticular senior and junior); and (c) to determine to whom AI would be most helpful.

Materials And Methods: Within 14 days of a trauma, 101 consecutive patients underwent radiographic examination of the upper or lower limbs. The definite diagnosis for identifying fractures was: (a) radio-clinical consensus between the radiologist on-call who analyzed the images and the orthopedist (Group 1); (b) Cone Beam computed tomography (CBCT) exploration of the area of interest, in case of doubts or absence of consensus (Group 2).

An Avoidable Cognitive Error in Chest Radiography.

Awareness in radiology reporting of cognitive errors such as the alliterative bias can help minimize the delay to diagnosis and accelerate adequate patient care.

Reject Analysis in Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography: A Belgian Imaging Department Case Study.

Objective: Reject analysis is usually performed in digital radiography (DR) for quality assurance. Data for computed tomography (CT) rejects remains sparse. The aim of this study is to help provide a straightforward benchmark for reject analysis of both DR and CT.

Lobar Mucus Plugging Reflecting Central Bronchial Tumoral Obstruction: A Case Report.

Early diagnosis of bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors is crucial as the surgical excision is the main treatment and determines the prognosis. We present the case of a 66-year-old heavy-smoker man who had started to complain about a cough a few months ago. We diagnosed him with an endobronchial mass on a chest computed tomography scan and lobar bronchoceles resulting from mucus plugging distal to the tumor obstruction.

Central Pulmonary Embolism Detected on a Chest X-Ray: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Patients presenting to the emergency room with respiratory symptoms often receive a chest X-ray as part of the initial workup to exclude common pathologies. A 60-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with dyspnoea. An initial chest X-ray revealed the Fleischner's sign, the knuckle sign, and the Westermark sign, specific but not sensitive for central pulmonary embolism, prompting a follow-up angio CT to confirm the diagnosis.

Aerated Lobar Collapse.

Air trapping is a useful sign for early detection of worsening lobar collapse in the follow-up of obstructive atelectasis.

Splenic and Portal Vein Thrombosis after Splenectomy: A Case Report.

Portal and splenic vein thrombosis are uncommon, potentially fatal post-operative complications following splenectomy. These thrombotic events may be asymptomatic or present with non-specific symptoms. Therefore, imaging is important for diagnosis.

Audit on Compliance to Guidelines in CT Scanning for Urolithiasis.

Introduction: According to the ALARA principle, CT-imaging procedures should be implemented to optimize radiation doses. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a quality control process has an impact on compliance with procedures.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in three hospitals, focusing on the selection of the appropriate acquisition protocol and the reduction of acquisition height in abdominal computed tomography (CT) examinations performed to diagnose or rule out urolithiasis.

Cervical Interspinous Ligament Sprain in a 6-Year-Old Boy.

Paediatric cervical spine trauma, though rare, is difficult to detect as the injuries are often soft-tissue injuries and thus not visible using conventional radiography. A 6-and-a-half-year-old child presented with neck pain following a fall. A thorough radiological workup over several days demonstrated soft-tissue injuries, undetected by initial cervical X-rays, requiring MRI to definitively prove.

Pulmonary Artery Vasoconstriction Due to Bronchial Obstruction.

Pulmonary artery (PA) vasoconstriction resulting from pulmonary ventilation/perfusion imbalance is infrequently detected with computed tomography (CT). An 85-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with dyspnea and desaturation, despite oxygen supply. A CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) revealed massive central bronchial mucoid impaction in all but the right upper bronchus.

Are referral guidelines for CT examinations addressing all clinical scenarios? A comparison of EURO-2000 Guidelines and ESR iGuide.

Objectives: To investigate the proportion of clinical scenarios covered by EURO-2000 Guidelines and ESR iGuide, and assess compliance with both guidelines.

Methods: The clinical indication on archived request forms for head, chest, abdomen-pelvis, and spine CT examinations performed in three hospitals in January 2018 was retrospectively matched with EURO-2000 Guidelines and ESR iGuide. For clinical scenarios addressed in the guidelines, the compliance with the guidelines was assessed.

Kommerell Aneurysm.

: Kommerell aneurysm is a rare differential diagnosis of mediastinal enlargement on a chest radiograph that requires CT for accurate diagnosis.

Variabilities in X-ray diagnostic reference levels.

Objectives: To estimate the variability of X-ray diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) depending on the number of X-ray devices and data per device.

Methods: Dose-area products (DAP) were collected by the national nuclear control agency from the 590 devices installed in 345 medical centers in the country. From 2015 to 2017, the number of chest (postero-anterior (PA) view alone, and both postero-anterior and lateral views (PA/LAT)), abdomen, pelvis, and lumbar spine examinations collected in these centers ranged from 23,000 to 77,000.

CT diagnostic reference levels: are they appropriately computed?

Objectives: To estimate the variability of CT diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) according to the methods used for computing collected data.

Methods: Dose-length products (DLP) were collected by our national nuclear control agency from the 250 devices installed in 140 medical centers in the country. In 2015, the number of head, thorax, abdomen, and lumbar spine examinations collected in these centers ranged from approximately 20,000 to 42,000.

X-ray examination dose surveys: how accurate are my results?

Objectives: To determine the variabilities of dose-area-products (DAP) of frequent X-ray examinations collected for comparison with diagnostic reference levels (DRLs).

Methods: DAP values of chest, abdomen, and lumbar spine examinations obtained on devices from two manufacturers were collected in three centers over 1 to 2 years. The variability of the average DAP results defined as the 95% confidence interval in percentage of their median value was calculated for increasing sample sizes, each examination and center.

Radiation protection: Factors influencing compliance to referral guidelines in minor chest trauma.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that referral guidelines are not sufficiently known by prescribers and that medico-legal concerns could influence the prescription of radiographs in minor chest trauma.

Methods: We submitted a questionnaire including a typical clinical history and questions on reasons for prescribing radiographs of the ribs in minor chest trauma to 112 prescriptors (33 residents, 18 surgeons, 7 internists, 24 general practitioners and 30 ER physicians). All accepted to participate.

CT dose survey in adults: what sample size for what precision?

Objectives: To determine variability of volume computed tomographic dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) data, and propose a minimum sample size to achieve an expected precision.

Methods: CTDIvol and DLP values of 19,875 consecutive CT acquisitions of abdomen (7268), thorax (3805), lumbar spine (3161), cervical spine (1515) and head (4106) were collected in two centers. Their variabilities were investigated according to sample size (10 to 1000 acquisitions) and patient body weight categories (no weight selection, 67-73 kg and 60-80 kg).