Current use of MRI in patients with liver metastatic colorectal cancer: a population-based study.

Background: Liver MRI is recommended as the preoperative imaging strategy in liver metastatic colorectal cancers.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess for the first time the use of liver MRI in a French population-based cancer registry.

Patients And Methods: All liver-only metastatic colorectal cancers resected for their primary tumour diagnosed between 2009 and 2013 were included.

Microbiome profiling of drinking water in relation to incidence of inflammatory bowel disease.

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown; current research is focused on determining environmental factors. One consideration is drinking water: water systems harbour considerable microbial diversity, with bacterial concentrations estimated at 10(6)-10(8) cells/L. Perhaps differences in microbial ecology of water sources may impact differential incidence rates of IBD.

The Features of Fecal and Ileal Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Dairy Calves during Early Infection with Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis.

Current diagnostic tests for Johne's disease (JD), a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), lack the sensitivity to identify infected animals at early (asymptomatic) stages of the disease. The objective was to determine the pattern of MAP-associated dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota as a potential biomarker for early detection of infected cattle. To that end, genomic DNA was extracted from ileal mucosa and fecal samples collected from 28 MAP-positive and five control calves.

Preoperative portal vein embolization in liver cancer: indications, techniques and outcomes.

Postoperative liver failure is a severe complication of major hepatectomies, in particular in patients with a chronic underlying liver disease. Portal vein embolization (PVE) is an approach that is gaining increasing acceptance in the preoperative treatment of selected patients prior to major hepatic resection. Induction of selective hypertrophy of the non-diseased portion of the liver with PVE in patients with either primary or secondary hepatobiliary, malignancy with small estimated future liver remnants (FLR) may result in fewer complications and shorter hospital stays following resection.

Image-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of small renal tumours: short- and mid-term outcomes.

Background: The purpose is to assess the short- and mid-term outcomes of microwave ablation (MWA) of small renal tumours in selected patients.

Methods: From August 2012 to February 2015, 29 renal tumours in 23 patients (17 male, 6 female, mean age 75 years) were treated by percutaneous MWA under imaging guidance. The tumours were 1-4.

Genome-based Definition of an Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Pathovar.

Background: Mucosal-associated Escherichia coli are commonly found in inflamed tissues during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These bacteria often possess an adherent and invasive phenotype but lack virulence-associated features of well-described intestinal E. coli pathogens, and are of diverse serology and phylotypes, making it difficult to correlate strain characteristics with exacerbations of disease.

Endovascular management of visceral artery aneurysms: When to watch, when to intervene?

Visceral artery aneurysms (VAA) include splanchnic and renal artery aneurysms. They represent a rare clinical entity, although their detection is rising due to an increased use of cross-sectional imaging. Rupture is the most devastating complication, and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality.

MR Angiography at 3 T of Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Randomized Prospective Comparison of Gadoterate Meglumine and Gadobutrol.

Objective: This large-scale randomized study aimed to show the noninferiority in terms of diagnostic performance of gadoterate meglumine-enhanced versus gadobutrol-enhanced 3-T MR angiography (MRA) using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD).

Subjects And Methods: In this prospective international randomized double-blind phase IV trial, 189 patients were enrolled. Of them, 156 could be included in the per-protocol population for on-site assessments and 154 for off-site readings.

Cervical foraminal steroid injections under CT guidance: retrospective study of in situ contrast aspects in a serial of 248 cases.

Objectives: To describe all the CT findings after in situ contrast injection just before steroid injection and to recognize the abnormal aspects associated with intravascular contamination.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 248 cervical transforaminal steroid injections done at the university hospital in Dijon, France, in 2008-2012, to treat cervicobrachial neuralgia inadequately improved by optimal medical treatment for at least 3 weeks. Features describing the opacification patterns were recorded.

Role of the BaeSR two-component regulatory system in resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to allyl isothiocyanate.

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is an essential oil with antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7. The ability of E. coli O157:H7 to withstand inhibitory AITC concentrations and the role of the two-component BaeSR system as a defense mechanism against AITC was studied.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the management of acute variceal hemorrhage.

Acute variceal hemorrhage, a life-threatening condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective therapy, is defined as visible bleeding from an esophageal or gastric varix at the time of endoscopy, the presence of large esophageal varices with recent stigmata of bleeding, or fresh blood visible in the stomach with no other source of bleeding identified. Transfusion of blood products, pharmacological treatments and early endoscopic therapy are often effective; however, if primary hemostasis cannot be obtained or if uncontrollable early rebleeding occurs, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is recommended as rescue treatment. The TIPS represents a major advance in the treatment of complications of portal hypertension.

Characterization of the gut-associated microbiome in inflammatory pouch complications following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Introduction: Inflammatory complications following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC) are common and thought to arise through mechanisms similar to de novo onset inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether specific organisms in the tissue-associated microbiota are associated with inflammatory pouch complications.

Methods: Patients having previously undergone IPAA were recruited from Mount Sinai Hospital.

Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species from meat and fermented meat products isolated by a PCR-based rapid screening method.

Enterococci are predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, but species commonly resident on vegetation are known. Their presence in large numbers in foods may indicate a lapse in sanitation and their ability to serve as a genetic reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance is of concern. Conventional culture methods for identification of enterococci are slow and sometimes give false results because of the biochemical diversity of the organisms in this genus.

Assessing the inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during composting of livestock carcasses.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants, with substantial economic impacts on the cattle industry. Johne's disease is known for its long latency period, and difficulties in diagnosis are due to insensitivities of current detection methods.

Transcatheter embolization as the new reference standard for endoscopically unmanageable upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a major medical emergency problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Endoscopy is considered the first method of choice to detect and treat UGIB. Endoscopic therapy usually achieves primary hemostasis, but 10%-30% of these patients have repeat bleeding.

Pyrosequencing reveals the influence of organic and conventional farming systems on bacterial communities.

It has been debated how different farming systems influence the composition of soil bacterial communities, which are crucial for maintaining soil health. In this research, we applied high-throughput pyrosequencing of V1 to V3 regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes to gain further insight into how organic and conventional farming systems and crop rotation influence bulk soil bacterial communities. A 2×2 factorial experiment consisted of two agriculture management systems (organic versus conventional) and two crop rotations (flax-oat-fababean-wheat versus flax-alfalfa-alfalfa-wheat) was conducted at the Glenlea Long-Term Crop Rotation and Management Station, which is Canada's oldest organic-conventional management study field.

Lipiodol trans-arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with idarubicin: first experience.

Background: There is still no consensus about the best chemotherapeutic agent for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). A recent in vitro study demonstrated that idarubicin, an anthracycline, was by far the most cytotoxic drug on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Idarubicin is much more lipophilic than doxorubicin, leading to higher cell penetration through lipidic membranes and greater accumulation of the drug in the lipiodol.

Transthoracic adrenal biopsy procedure using artificial carbon dioxide pneumothorax as outpatient procedure.

Many routes have been described for percutaneous adrenal gland biopsy. They require either a complex non-axial path or a long hydrodissection or even pass through an organ thereby increasing complications. We describe here an approach using an artificially-induced carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumothorax, performed as an outpatient procedure in a 57-year-old woman.

Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a 3.0-T MR study.

Purpose: To compare pure molecular diffusion, D, perfusion-related diffusion, D*, and perfusion fraction, f, determined from diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on the basis of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) theory in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without liver steatosis.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was approved by the appropriate ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Between December 2009 and September 2011, 108 patients with type 2 diabetes (51 men, 57 women; mean age, 50 years) underwent 3.

Macroscopic heterogeneity of liver fat: an MR-based study in type-2 diabetic patients.

Objective: To assess the heterogeneity of liver fat deposition with MR of the liver in type-2 diabetic (T2D) patients.

Methods: We enrolled 121 consecutive T2D patients. The reference standard was 3.

Prediction for steatosis in type-2 diabetes: clinico-biological markers versus 1H-MR spectroscopy.

Objectives: The SteatoTest, fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) are clinico-biological scores of steatosis validated in general or selected populations. Serum adiponectin (s-adiponectin) and retinol binding protein 4 (s-RBP4) are adipokines that could predict liver steatosis. We investigated whether the Steatotest, FLI, HSI, s-adiponectin and s-RBP4 could be valid predictors of liver steatosis in type-2 diabetic (T2D) patients.

Whole and fractionated yellow pea flours modulate insulin, glucose, oxygen consumption, and the caecal microbiome in Golden Syrian hamsters.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of whole and fractionated yellow peas on circulating lipids, glucose and insulin levels, energy expenditure, and body composition, as well as to assess their prebiotic actions in Golden Syrian hamsters. Forty-five hamsters consumed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 28 days, then were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control (CON), whole pea flour (WPF), and fractionated pea flour (hulls only) (FPF). WPF and FPF were incorporated into the diets, replacing 10% of the cornstarch.

Bone marrow fat quantification of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: comparison of multi-voxel proton MR spectroscopy and chemical-shift gradient-echo MR imaging.

Background: Only a few studies have used in/opposed phase method for a quantitative evaluation of fat fraction in the spine.

Purpose: To compare multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy and chemical-shift gradient-echo MR imaging for bone marrow fat quantification in vertebral compression fractures (VCF).

Material And Methods: Vertebral marrow fat quantification in fifteen patients was measured at 3.