[Development and implementation of primary nursing in the intensive care unit: evaluation in mixed-methods design.].

Development and implementation of primary nursing in the intensive care unit: evaluation in mixed-methods design. In a university hospital, the development and implementation of Primary Nursing (Prozessverantwortliche Pflege, PP) in a pilot intensive care unit was initiated. To develop the roles of nurses with and without process responsibility a working group PP was founded while taking into account the skill-grade mix.

Reliable acoustic measurements in children between 5;0 and 9;11 years: Gender, age, height and weight effects on fundamental frequency, jitter and shimmer in phonations without and with controlled voice SPL.

Background: Current pediatric voice assessment guidelines include instrumental measurements of fundamental frequency (F0) and the perturbation indices jitter and shimmer. In children below 10 years, gender, age, height and weight effects on these parameters have been inconsistently characterized. Recent research in healthy children showed, that differences in habitual speaking voice intensity (voice SPL) under the usual assessment procedure significantly affect jitter and shimmer.

Clinical relevance of speaking voice intensity effects on acoustic jitter and shimmer in children between 5;0 and 9;11 years.

Background: Current voice assessment recommendations for dysphonic children comprise instrumental acoustic measurements of the perturbation parameters jitter and shimmer. In healthy adults and children changes in speaking voice sound pressure level (voice SPL) have significant confounding effects on both parameters. In adults these effects were considerably reduced in phonations with controlled voice SPL >80dBA (10cm distance).