Representation of negative numbers: point estimation tasks using multi-reference sonification mappings.

In this study, we examine different approaches to the presentation of coordinates in mobile auditory graphs, including the representation of negative numbers. These studies involved both normally sighted and visually impaired users, as there are applications where normally sighted users might employ auditory graphs, such as the unseen monitoring of stocks, or fuel consumption in a car. Multi-reference sonification schemes are investigated as a means of improving the performance of mobile non-visual point estimation tasks.

Bio-efficacy of leaf extracts on mortality of and inhibition of egg hatching.

Background And Aim: To develop an environmentally friendly alternative to mosquito larvicides for vegetables, leaf extracts of , , , , , and were prepared. This study aimed to determine the biological efficacy of several leaf extracts on the mortality of mosquito and the inhibition of egg hatching.

Materials And Methods: Extraction was performed in an organic solvent (methanol) using a Soxhlet extractor.