Dissecting the molecular basis of spike traits by integrating gene regulatory networks and genetic variation in wheat.

Spike architecture influences both grain weight and grain number per spike, which are the two major components of grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, the complex wheat genome and the influence of various environmental factors pose challenges in mapping the causal genes that affect spike traits.

Analysis of Hormone Regulation on Seed Germination of Coix Based on Muli-Omics Analysis.

Seed germination is an important stage of growth and reproduction and plays an important role in the life cycle of spermatophyte. It is co-determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and plant hormone regulation may be a highly conservative mechanism. (coix) is a grain with balanced nutrition for medicine and food and has substantial production value.

Nutrient Metabolism Pathways Analysis and Key Candidate Genes Identification Corresponding to Cadmium Stress in Buckwheat through Multiomics Analysis.

(L.) Gaertn (buckwheat) can be used both as medicine and food and is also an important food crop in barren areas and has great economic value. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of the response to cadmium (Cd) stress can provide the theoretical reference for improving the buckwheat yield and quality.

Integrated transcriptome and metabonomic analysis of key metabolic pathways in response to cadmium stress in novel buckwheat and cultivated species.

Introduction: Buckwheat (), an important food crop, also has medicinal uses. It is widely planted in Southwest China, overlapping with planting areas remarkably polluted by cadmium (Cd). Therefore, it is of great significance to study the response mechanism of buckwheat under Cd stress and further develop varieties with excellent Cd tolerance.

A multi-omics integrative network map of maize.

Networks are powerful tools to uncover functional roles of genes in phenotypic variation at a system-wide scale. Here, we constructed a maize network map that contains the genomic, transcriptomic, translatomic and proteomic networks across maize development. This map comprises over 2.

Ectopic Expression of the Rice Grain-Size-Affecting Gene GS5 in Maize Affects Kernel Size by Regulating Endosperm Starch Synthesis.

Maize is one of the most important food crops, and maize kernel is one of the important components of maize yield. Studies have shown that the rice increases the thousand-kernel weight by positively regulating the rice grain width and grain grouting rate. In this study, based on the transgenic maize obtained through transgenic technology with specific expression in the endosperm, molecular assays were performed on the transformed plants.

Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Flowering Time and Height Related-Traits Using Two Doubled Haploid Populations in Maize.

In the field, maize flowering time and height traits are closely linked with yield, planting density, lodging resistance, and grain fill. To explore the genetic basis of flowering time and height traits in maize, we investigated six related traits, namely, days to anthesis (AD), days to silking (SD), the anthesis-silking interval (ASI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), and the EH/PH ratio (ER) in two locations for two years based on two doubled haploid (DH) populations. Based on the two high-density genetic linkage maps, 12 and 22 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, respectively, for flowering time and height-related traits.

Genomic Prediction across Structured Hybrid Populations and Environments in Maize.

Genomic prediction (GP) across different populations and environments should be enhanced to increase the efficiency of crop breeding. In this study, four populations were constructed and genotyped with DNA chips containing 55,000 SNPs. These populations were testcrossed to a common tester, generating four hybrid populations.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the PIN Auxin Efflux Carrier Gene Family in Coffee.

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages around the world, which is mainly produced from the allopolyploid . The genomes of and its two ancestors and have been released due to the development of next generation sequencing. However, few studies on are related to the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporter despite its importance in auxin-mediated plant growth and development.

Effects of Nonstarch Genetic Modifications on Starch Structure and Properties.

This paper examines if, in maize, starch structure and starch-dependent properties might be altered by pleiotropic effects arising from genetic modifications that are not directly related to starch synthesis. The molecular structure, specifically the starch chain-length distributions (CLDs), of two maize lines transformed with () and genes (an artificial gene, encoding proteinaceous insecticidal δ-endotoxins) were compared to those of their control lines. The two transgenes are responsible for herbicidal resistance and insect tolerance, respectively.

Construction of Marker-Free Genetically Modified Maize Using a Heat-Inducible Auto-Excision Vector.

Gene modification is a promising tool for plant breeding, and gradual application from the laboratory to the field. Selectable marker genes (SMG) are required in the transformation process to simplify the identification of transgenic plants; however, it is more desirable to obtain transgenic plants without selection markers. Transgene integration mediated by site-specific recombination (SSR) systems into the dedicated genomic sites has been demonstrated in a few different plant species.

Infection of Embryonic Callus with Enables High-Speed Transformation of Maize.

Several approaches have recently been adopted to improve -mediated transformation of maize; however, about eight months of in vitro culture are still required to isolate transgenic plants. Furthermore, genetic transformation of maize depends on immature embryos, which greatly increases costs. Here, we report a method that ensures the competency of an embryogenic callus secondary culture under laboratory conditions for -mediated transformation.

Dissecting the genetic architecture of waterlogging stress-related traits uncovers a key waterlogging tolerance gene in maize.

A key candidate gene, GRMZM2G110141, which could be used in marker-assisted selection in maize breeding programs, was detected among the 16 genetic loci associated with waterlogging tolerance identified through genome-wide association study. Waterlogging stress seriously affects the growth and development of upland crops such as maize (Zea mays L.).