Maize auxin response factor ZmARF1 confers multiple abiotic stresses resistances in transgenic Arabidopsis.

Prolonged exposure to abiotic stresses causes oxidative stress, which affects plant development and survival. In this research, the overexpression of ZmARF1 improved tolerance to low Pi, drought and salinity stresses. The transgenic plants manifested tolerance to low Pi by their superior root phenotypic traits: root length, root tips, root surface area, and root volume, compared to wide-type (WT) plants.

Semianalytical Modeling for Multiphase Flow in a Fractured Low-Permeability Gas Condensate Reservoir.

During the production of fractured low-permeability gas condensate reservoir (FLPGCR), a phase transition takes place in both the formation and wellbore, resulting in multiphase flow when the pressure drops below the dew point pressure. Additionally, the presence of fractures causes the formation of stress-sensitive characteristics. Nevertheless, traditional analytical models, such as the two-region model or three-region model, overlook the coupling impact of the above factors, which could lead to incorrect pressure transient response and erroneous estimation of well and formation parameters.

Pressure Transient Analysis for Hydraulically Fractured Wells with Changing Conductivity in Stratified Reservoirs: Case Study in Xinjiang Oilfield.

The oil development has been oriented toward deep-layer reservoirs and the commingling production and the separate-layer fracturing are important development methods. Currently, limited attention is given to the pressure transient analysis (PTA) of the fractured wells located in a stratified reservoir. Moreover, the proppant is very difficult to move inside the hydraulic fracture in the deep-layer reservoir, leading to the uneven fracture conductivity along the hydraulic fracture and increasing the complexity of PTA.

Heat stress-induced reactive oxygen species participate in the regulation of HSP expression, hyphal branching and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum.

Heat stress (HS) is an important environmental factor that affects the growth and metabolism of edible fungi, but the molecular mechanism of the heat stress response (HSR) remains unclear. We previously reported that HS treatment increased the length between two hyphal branches and induced the accumulation of ganoderic acid biosynthesis and the gene expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in Ganoderma lucidum. In this study, we found that HS induced a significant increase in the cytosolic ROS concentration, and exogenously added ROS scavengers NAC, VC and NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor DPI reduce the cytosolic ROS accumulation in G.

Functional analysis of an APSES transcription factor (GlSwi6) involved in fungal growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic-acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum.

The APSES transcription factors have been identified as key regulators of fungal development and other biological processes in fungi. In the present study, the function of Ganoderma lucidum GlSwi6, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swi6, was characterized. RNAi was used to examine the function of GlSwi6 in G.

14-3-3 proteins are involved in growth, hyphal branching, ganoderic acid biosynthesis, and response to abiotic stress in Ganoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidum, which contains many pharmacologically active compounds, is regarded as a traditional medicinal fungus. Nevertheless, the scarcity of basic research limits the commercial value and utilization of G. lucidum.

Alternative oxidase impacts ganoderic acid biosynthesis by regulating intracellular ROS levels in Ganoderma lucidum.

The alternative oxidase (AOX), which forms a branch of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport pathway, functions to sustain electron flux and alleviate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this article, a homologous AOX gene was identified in Ganoderma lucidum. The coding sequence of the AOX gene in G.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase GlSlt2 regulates fungal growth, fruiting body development, cell wall integrity, oxidative stress and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum.

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are crucial signaling instruments in eukaryotes that play key roles in regulating fungal growth, development, and secondary metabolism and in adapting to the environment. In this study, we characterized an Slt2-type MAPK in Ganoderma lucidum, GlSlt2, which was transcriptionally induced during the primordium and fruiting body stages. RNA interference was used to examine the function of GlSlt2.