Cost-effective framework for basic surgical skills training.

Background: The importance of basic surgical skills is entirely agreed among surgical educators. However, restricted by ethical issues, finance etc, the basic surgical skills training is increasingly challenged. Increasing cost gives an impetus to the development of cost-effective training models to meet the trainees' acquisition of basic surgical skills.

[Effect of ileocecum interposition graft as pylorus replacement on glycometabolism].

Objective: To evaluate the application of ileocecum interposition (ii) graft as pylorus replacement in alimentary reconstruction.

Methods: Twenty- one minipigs were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (control group), B - i group and ii group. The levels of blood glucose were measured by quick blood glucose testing of paper at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes of oral glucose after 60 and 120 post- operative days to compare gastric emptying of liquid feeds.