DHF-7 Ameliorates Behavioral Disorders and White Matter Lesions by Regulating BDNF and Fyn in a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Cuprizone and MK-801.

Background: Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder including multiple clinical symptoms such as severe psychosis and cognitive dysfunction. DHF-7 is a novel dihydroflavanone derivative that was designed and synthesized to treat schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of DHF-7 in a mouse model of schizophrenia induced by a combination of cuprizone and MK-801.

Growth Factors and Their Roles in Multiple Sclerosis Risk.

Background: Previous studies have suggested essential roles of growth factors on the risk of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), but it remains undefined whether the effects are causal.

Objective: We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to disentangle the causal relationship between genetically predicted circulating levels of growth factors and the risk of MS.

Methods: Genetic instrumental variables for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 3 (IGFBP3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were obtained from up-to-date genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Behavioral and neurobiological changes in a novel mouse model of schizophrenia induced by the combination of cuprizone and MK-801.

Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by episodes of psychosis, apathy, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairment. White matter lesions and glutamatergic hypofunction are reported to be the key pathogeneses underlying the multiple clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. Cuprizone (CPZ) is a copper chelator that selectively injures oligodendrocytes, and MK-801 is an antagonist of the N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.

Cornel Iridoid Glycoside Suppresses Hyperactivity Phenotype in rTg4510 Mice through Reducing Tau Pathology and Improving Synaptic Dysfunction.

rTg4510 mice are transgenic mice expressing P301L mutant tau and have been developed as an animal model of tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Besides cognitive impairments, rTg4510 mice also show abnormal hyperactivity behavior. Cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) is an active ingredient extracted from Cornus officinalis, a traditional Chinese herb.

Epimedium flavonoids protect neurons and synapses in the brain via activating NRG1/ErbB4 and BDNF/Fyn signaling pathways in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model.

Cerebral hypoperfusion is a common feature of cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD), which has been considered as one of the causes of cognitive decline in recent years. Epimedium flavonoids (EF) are the main ingredients extracted from Epimedium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EF on cognitive impairment, and the underlying mechanisms in rats with permanent occlusion of the bilateral common carotid artery (2VO).

Epimedium flavonoids improve cognitive impairment and white matter lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through inhibiting the Lingo-1/Fyn/ROCK pathway and activating the BDNF/NRG1/PI3K pathway in rats.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a common cause of cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD). White matter (WM) lesions are the typical pathological manifestation of CSVD and contribute to cognitive decline. Epimedium flavonoids (EF) are the main component in Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.

Cornel Iridoid Glycoside Improves Locomotor Impairment and Decreases Spinal Cord Damage in Rats.

This study was to investigate the effects of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) on spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. The thoracic cord (at T9) of rats was injured by clip compression for 30 sec. Locomotor function was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) rating scale.