A Close Cognition of Charged Poly(l-methionine) Derivatives for Antifreeze.

Ice formation poses a significant challenge across various fields, from industrial processes to biological preservation. Developing antifreeze agents and recognizing the antifreeze mechanism have gained considerable attention. Herein, a series of poly(l-methionine) derivatives, poly(-carboxymethyl-l-methionine sulfonium) (PMetA), poly(-methyl-l-methionine sulfonium chloride) (PMetM), and poly(-carbamidomethyl-l-methionine sulfonium chloride) (PMetAM), with carboxyl, methyl, and acetamide groups, respectively, are synthesized and investigated for antifreeze.

Association Between County-Level Social Vulnerability and Vaccine-Related Attitudes and Hesitancy Toward COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States.

Background/objectives: Understanding attitudes and behaviors related to vaccination is critical for enhancing COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and reducing disparities in vaccination coverage. This study examines disparities in vaccine-related attitudes and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States in relation to community-level social vulnerability.

Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional national surveys conducted repeatedly between July 2020 and August 2021 ( = 6716).

Rapidly Manufactured CAR-T with Conserved Cell Stemness and Distinctive Cytokine-Secreting Profile Shows Improved Anti-Tumor Efficacy.

The emergence of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy holds great promise in treating hematologic malignancies. While advancements in CAR design have enhanced therapeutic efficacy, the time-consuming manufacturing process has not been improved in the commercial production of CAR-T cells. In this study, we developed a "DASH CAR-T" process to manufacture CAR-T cells in 72 h and found the excelling anti-tumor efficacy of DASH CAR-T cells over conventionally manufactured CAR-T cells.

Applications of Isosceles Triangular Coupling Structure in Optical Switching and Sensing.

In the case of waveguide-based devices, once they are fabricated, their optical properties are already determined and cannot be dynamically controlled, which limits their applications in practice. In this paper, an isosceles triangular-coupling structure which consists of an isosceles triangle coupled with a two-bus waveguide is proposed and researched numerically and theoretically. The coupled mode theory (CMT) is introduced to verify the correctness of the simulation results, which are based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD).

Study on Slipform Paving of Concrete Containing Alkali-Free Accelerators on Roadway Floor.

Aiming at the problems of collapse, deformation, and displacement in the concrete paving of roadway floors, this paper adopts the way of adding alkali-free accelerators to the concrete on both sides, through mechanical analysis, single factor experiment, orthogonal experiment, and polynomial fitting method, and determines the relevant parameters of concrete and accelerators in the sliding form paving of roadway floor from two aspects of paving material and size. The results show that the FSA-AF alkali-free liquid accelerator is more suitable for roadway floor paving than the J85 powder accelerator. When the FSA-AF accelerator dosage reaches 8%, the decreasing trend of initial setting time curve tends to be flat.

The Expression Profile of Genes Related to Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Pepper Under Abiotic Stress Reveals a Positive Correlation with Plant Tolerance.

In light of the increasingly adverse environmental conditions and the concomitant challenges to the survival of important crops, there is a pressing need to enhance the resilience of pepper seedlings to extreme weather. Carotenoid plays an important role in plants' resistance to abiotic stress. Nevertheless, the relationship between carotenoid biosynthesis and sweet pepper seedlings' resistance to different abiotic stresses remains uncertain.

Characterization of the Complete Mitogenome of the Ring-Necked Pheasant (Galliformes: Phasianidae) and Systematic Implications for Phasianinae Phylogenetics.

Background: Phasianidae mitogenomes exhibit significant structural variations critical for understanding evolution and subspecies divergence. However, annotations of these features in some pheasant species remain limited. This study aimed to enhance understanding of Phasianidae mitogenomes and their evolutionary patterns.

Inhibition of glutaminase 1 reduces M1 macrophage polarization to protect against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.

(1) BACKGROUND: Metabolic abnormalities and immune inflammation are key elements within pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). And in PAH patients, aberrant glutamine metabolism has been observed; however, the function of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) in macrophage is still unknown. So we aims to investigate GLS1's impact upon macrophages in PAH.

Integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis reveals that arachidonic acid mediates the allograft-induced stress response in Pinctada fucata martensii.

This study investigated the protective effect of arachidonic acid (ARA) against the allograft-induced stress response in Pinctada fucata martensii by characterizing pearl production traits and changes in genes and lipids during postoperative care. Survival and pearl production traits were higher in the ARA treatment group (ARAG) than in the control group (CG). There were 1536 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CG-1d vs ARAG-1d and 833 DEGs in CG-3d vs ARAG-3d.

The CoREST complex inhibitor, corin, leads to decreased tumor growth, increased cellular differentiation and extended lifespan in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor xenograft models.

Background: Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is the most common malignant brain tumor in infants, and more than 60% of children with ATRT die from their tumor. ATRT is associated with mutational inactivation/deletion of , a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, suggesting that epigenetic events play a critical role in tumor development and progression. Moreover, disruption of SWI/SNF allows unopposed activity of epigenetic repressors, which contribute to tumorigenicity.

Swarm navigation of cyborg-insects in unknown obstructed soft terrain.

Cyborg insects refer to hybrid robots that integrate living insects with miniature electronic controllers to enable robotic-like programmable control. These creatures exhibit advantages over conventional robots in adaption to complex terrain and sustained energy efficiency. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature on the control of multi-cyborg systems.

Case Report: A missed diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis using echocardiography due to immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis with normal wall thickness in the early stage.

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a challenging diagnosis, particularly when the classic signs, such as increased wall thickness in a non-dilated left ventricle (LV), are absent. This makes the diagnosis more difficult in patients with normal LV wall thickness. We present a case of CA without increased wall thickness and without the characteristic granular sparkling echotexture in a non-dilated LV.

The landscape of recurrent spontaneous abortion registered on clinical trials.gov.

Objective: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) presents a significant challenge in the field of reproductive medicine, as effective treatments remain limited despite extensive research efforts. A comprehensive understanding of current RSA clinical trials is essential for enhancing trial design and identifying existing research gaps. The aim of this study is to characterize RSA related clinical trials registered on Clinical Trials.

Generative adversarial network integrated with metabolomics identifies potential biomarkers related to quality changes of atemoya (Annona cherimola × Annona squamosa) stored at 10 and 25 °C.

Atemoya fruit deteriorates rapidly during post-harvest storage. A complete understanding of the metabolic mechanisms underlying this process is crucial for developing effective preservation strategies. Metabolomic approaches combined with machine learning offer new opportunities to identify quality-related biomarkers.

"On-off" elution mechanism facilitates the rapid LC/MS/MS-based analysis of peptide antibiotics in human plasma.

Individualized medication with peptide antibiotics, guided by therapeutic drug monitoring, is essential to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Peptide antibiotics exhibit an "on-off" elution mechanism on a C18 column, leading to adsorption at the column inlet in all-aqueous conditions. Unlike small molecules, column length minimally influences their retention, with longer columns simply broadening peptide antibiotic peaks due to unnecessary post-column volume.

A bipartite bacterial virulence factor targets the complement system and neutrophil activation.

The complement system and neutrophils constitute the two main pillars of the host innate immune defense against infection by bacterial pathogens. Here, we identify T-Mac, a novel virulence factor of the periodontal pathogen Treponema denticola that allows bacteria to evade both defense systems. We show that T-Mac is expressed as a pre-protein that is cleaved into two functional units.

Skillful seasonal predictions of continental East-Asian summer rainfall by integrating its spatio-temporal evolution.

Skillful seasonal climate prediction is critical for food and water security over the world's heavily populated regions, such as in continental East Asia. Current models, however, face significant difficulties in predicting the summer mean rainfall anomaly over continental East Asia, and forecasting rainfall spatiotemporal evolution presents an even greater challenge. Here, we benefit from integrating the spatiotemporal evolution of rainfall to identify the most crucial patterns intrinsic to continental East-Asian rainfall anomalies.

Major Adverse Kidney Events in Hospitalized Older Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: Machine Learning-Based Model Development and Validation Study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized older patients, associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Major adverse kidney events within 30 days (MAKE30), a composite of death, new renal replacement therapy, or persistent renal dysfunction, has been recommended as a patient-centered endpoint for clinical trials involving AKI.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning-based model to predict MAKE30 in hospitalized older patients with AKI.

Mapping the Topological Proximity-Induced Gap in Multiterminal Josephson Junctions.

Multiterminal Josephson junctions (MTJJs), devices in which a normal metal is in contact with three or more superconducting leads, have been proposed as artificial analogs of topological crystals. The topological nature of MTJJs manifests as a modulation of the quasiparticle density of states (DOS) in the normal metal that may be probed by tunneling measurements. We show that one can reveal this modulation by measuring the resistance of diffusive MTJJs with normal contacts, which shows rich structure as a function of the phase differences {ϕ_{i}}.

[Exploring the mechanism of HIV infection on T lymphocyte mitochondrial damage based on MAPK pathway].

Objective To clarify the mechanism that HIV infection mediates mitochondrial damage of CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 T cells) through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Methods From October 1st, 2022 to March 31st, 2023, 47 HIV-infected people who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 4 years were recruited, including 22 immune non-responders (INR) and 25 responders (IR); and 26 sex and age-matched control participants (HC) who were negative for HCV, HBV, and HIV infections. The immune parameters were analyzed by flow cytometry.

Gamma delta T cells in cancer therapy: from tumor recognition to novel treatments.

Traditional immunotherapies mainly focus on αβ T cell-based strategies, which depend on MHC-mediated antigen recognition. However, this approach poses significant challenges in treating recurrent tumors, as immune escape mechanisms are widespread. γδ T cells, with their ability for MHC-independent antigen presentation, offer a promising alternative that could potentially overcome limitations observed in traditional immunotherapies.

Study of the spatial strength distribution patterns and microstructure characteristics of ultra-fine tailings cemented paste backfill.

In this study, the spatial distribution of the mechanical strength of ultra-fine tailings cemented paste backfill (UCPB) in underground stopes was examined, and the micro-mechanism responsible for differences in spatial strength performance via changes in particle deposition was elucidated. To better understand this phenomenon, we constructed a similar backfilling stope model using the ultra-fine tailings of a gold mine. We manufactured specimens at different spatial locations and conducted a novel series of tests, including uniaxial compressive strength, shear strength, and conventional triaxial tests, to obtain the strength parameters in different spatial distributions.