Serotonin neurons integrate GABA and dopamine inputs to regulate meal initiation.

Obesity is a growing global health epidemic with limited orally administered therapeutics. Serotonin (5-HT) is one neurotransmitter which remains an excellent target for new weight-loss therapies, but a gap remains in understanding the mechanisms involved in 5-HT produced in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN) and its involvement in meal initiation. Using an optogenetic feeding paradigm, we showed that the 5-HT➔arcuate nucleus (ARH) circuit plays a role in meal initiation.

Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Provide Potential Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Anthocyanin-Rich Blueberry Extract in Rapid Intervention Against Acute Alcohol Exposure in Mice.

Alcohol-induced health damage has become an increasing global public health concern. Anthocyanins exhibit essential biological activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid reduction. This study investigates the rapid intervention effects and mechanisms of anthocyanin-rich blueberry extract in mitigating acute alcohol exposure in mice, aiming to uncover its novel nutritional roles.

Multi-Omics Approaches to Discover Biomarkers of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Systematic Review.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder that significantly impacts patients' visual function, appearance, and well-being. Despite existing clinical evaluation methods, there remains a need for objective biomarkers to facilitate clinical management and pathogenesis investigation. Rapid advances in multi-omics technologies have enabled the discovery and development of more informative biomarkers for clinical use.

A pilot study of the relationship between salivary microbial characteristics and endocrine and immune function in patients with burning mouth syndrome.

Objectives: To explore the potential role of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of burning mouth syndrome (BMS).

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients with BMS and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The relative abundance and diversity of salivary bacterial strains were analyzed using metagenomic DNA sequencing.

Variations of Radiographic Parameters Relevant to the Presumed Lower Instrumented Vertebrae During Intraoperative Fluoroscopic Positioning for Lenke 5/6 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: Radiographic evaluation of the presumed lower instrumented vertebrae (LIV) is crucial for determining the optimal fusion level for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with main thoracolumbar/lumbar curves. However, few studies have examined its variations intraoperatively. This study aims to investigate the radiographic variations of the presumed LIV during fluoroscopic positioning to aid surgeons in decision-making.

m6A methylation modification: Potential pathways to suppress osteosarcoma metastasis.

Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor prone to metastasis, and its metastatic process is one of the main reasons for treatment failure and poor prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that modification of m6A methylation plays an important role in osteosarcoma metastasis, influencing both invasion and metastasis through various signaling pathways. Therefore, clarification of the specific effects of m6A methylation modification in osteosarcoma may reveal ways to improve the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.

Regnase-1 regulates inflammation in T cells of ankylosing spondylitis through the TRAF6.

The study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of Regnase-1 in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) inflammation. We collected 10 ml peripheral venous blood and epidemiological data from 45 AS patients and 45 healthy controls and performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Then CD3 + T lymphocytes were isolated by magnetic bead sorting method, and the transcriptional levels of Regnase-1 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).

A Critical Review of an Environmental Risk Substance Induced by Aging Microplastics: Insights into Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals.

Microplastics (MPs), as an emerging contaminants category, can undergo complex aging in a variety of environmental matrices in which the chemical bonds of polymer molecules can be broken to form free radicals. While the existence of free radicals in aged plastics has been known for over half a century, only recently has significant research on a new type of environmentally risky substance, namely environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), present in aged MPs and their environmental effects, been started, but it is still in its infancy. To address these issues, this work examines EPFR generation on MPs and their environmental effect by reviewing publications from 2012 to 2023.

Fungal endophytes enhanced insect resistance by improving the defenses of Achnatherum sibiricum before locust feeding.

Background: Epichloë endophytes provide many benefits to host plants, including enhanced insect resistance. Fungal alkaloids are usually thought to be responsible for the endophyte-conferred herbivore resistance. Nonetheless, the fungal alkaloid profiles and concentrations may vary considerably among grass-endophyte systems.

Abnormalities of cortical and subcortical spontaneous brain activity unveil mechanisms of disorders of consciousness and prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of alterations in spontaneous brain activity in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), based on the mesocircuit theoretical framework, and to establish models for predicting recovery of consciousness.

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed to measure the mean fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (mfALFF) in sTBI patients with DOC and healthy controls, identifying differential brain regions for conducting gene and functional decoding analyses. Patients were classified into wake and DOC groups according to Extended Glasgow Outcome Score at 6 months.

Map-based cloning revealed BhAPRR2 gene regulating the black peel formation of mature fruit in wax gourd (Benincasa hispida).

Map-based cloning revealed BhAPRR2, encoding a two-component response-regulating protein that regulates the black peel formation of mature fruit in wax gourd. Wax gourd is an economically significant vegetable crop, and peel color is a crucial agronomic trait that influences its commercial value. Although genes controlling light green or white peel have been cloned in wax gourd, the genetic basis and molecular mechanism underlying black peel remain unclear.

The ecology of poverty and children's brain development: A systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of brain imaging studies.

A growing number of studies have demonstrated associations between poverty and brain structure and function. However, the strength of this association and the effects of poverty level (e.g.

Altered Density of Resting-State Long- and Short-Range Functional Connectivity in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the altered number of functional connection (s) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by functional connectivity density (FCD), to investigate its relationship with cognitive function, and to explore whether these features could be used to distinguish OSA from healthy controls (HCs).

Methods: Seventy-six OSA patients and 72 HCs were included in the analysis. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan.

High-Performance Green and Blue Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by CdZnSe/ZnS Core/Shell Colloidal Quantum Wells.

The unique anisotropic properties of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) make them highly promising as components in nanocrystal-based devices. However, the limited performance of green and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on CQWs has impeded their practical applications. In this study, alloy CdZnSe core CQWs with precise compositions are tailored via direct cation exchange (CE) from CdSe CQWs with specific size, shape, and crystal structure and utilized hot-injection shell (HIS) growth to synthesize CdZnSe/ZnS core/shell CQWs exhibiting exceptional optoelectronic characteristics.

The effect of integrated medical care on the daily life of patients with coronary heart disease.

This study aims to explore the impact of comprehensive medical care on the daily life of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to evaluate its effectiveness in improving quality of life, alleviating symptoms, and reducing the risk of cardiac events. A new comprehensive medical care scheme combining Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing differentiation, collaborative nursing interventions, and specialized community care was proposed. Patients with CHD were recruited as study subjects.

Amoxicillin-associated hemorrhagic colitis: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC) is a special type of antibiotic-associated colitis. Due to the increased use of antibiotics, especially amoxicillin, which is commonly used in clinical practice, the incidence of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis has also increased. However, doctors have insufficient understanding of this disease, and patients may be missed or misdiagnosed.

[Study of factors associated with the false-positive rate of second-trimester serological screening in 632,825 cases in Sichuan based on propensity score matching].

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the results of second-trimester serological prenatal screening and explore the factors which may influence the false-positive rate (FPR).

Methods: From January 2013 to December 2022, false-positive samples with follow-up outcomes from 632,825 second-trimester serological prenatal screening samples tested at Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital were selected as the study group, while true-negative samples were 1 : 1 matched as the control group by propensity-score matching (PSM). Univariate and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors.

Understanding the role of hormones in pediatric growth: Insights from a double-debiased machine learning approach.

This study investigates the causal relationships between hormone levels and growth and development of children, focusing specifically on height disparities in cases of dwarfism. Besides utilizing double-debiased machine learning approach, the study integrates three alternative causal inference methods: partialing-out lasso linear regression, cross-fit partialing-out lasso linear regression, and post-double selection LASSO. These machine learning techniques are pivotal in identifying causal effects within observational data.

The mechanism of acetylation-mediated fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes in neurons after ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease that brings a significant threat to human health. Considerable factors are involved in occurrence of cerebral ischemia. Among them, autophagy is an important intracellular process that is activated after ischemic stroke, which plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and survival of neurons.

Trojan Horse Bioheterojunction Empowers Adhesive Hydrogel with Robust Antibacterial Activity and Sensing Capacity for Infected Cutaneous Regeneration.

Strategic integration of adhesive hydrogels with phototherapy-based antibacterial properties has been extensively leveraged in infected tissue repair. Nevertheless, the interference of bacterial heat shock proteins and antioxidant defense systems attenuates the bactericidal potency of phototherapy. To address this imposing predicament, a Trojan horse bioheterojunction (Th-bioHJ) incorporating liquid metal and copper sulfide is devised to confer an adhesive hydrogel with multimodal and comprehensive antibacterial properties for remedying infectious wounds.

"Turn-on" NIR-II fluorescence of a dually quenched probe for sensitive imaging of cathepsin B .

We designed a NIR-II fluorescence probe, Cys(StBu)-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-Lys(AF3)-CBT (AF3-CBT), which forms a dually quenched nanoparticle AF3-NP. Under CTSB cleavage, NIR-II fluorescence turns "On" for sensitive imaging of CTSB. AF3-NP showed 6.

Aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma: characteristics, influencing factors, and effectiveness of radioiodine therapy.

Purpose: To investigate the pathological characteristics of aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and evaluate the efficacy of radioiodine (RAI) therapy for these variants.

Methods: We analysed 129 patients with aggressive variants of PTC and compared them to those of 4460 patients with non-aggressive variants. And we examined the efficacy of RAI therapy in 70 eligible patients with aggressive variants of PTC and 2530 eligible patients with non-aggressive variants of PTC.

The role of interdependent self-construal in mitigating the effect of conspiratorial beliefs on vaccine acceptance.

Infectious diseases pose significant challenges to public health, leading to illness and even death. Vaccinations are vital for protecting society, yet beliefs in conspiracy theories related to infectious diseases increase vaccine hesitancy. This paper delves into vaccination decisions in the context of COVID-19, which continues to strain the health care system.