The theory of massively repeated evolution and full identifications of cancer-driving nucleotides (CDNs).

Tumorigenesis, like most complex genetic traits, is driven by the joint actions of many mutations. At the nucleotide level, such mutations are cancer-driving nucleotides (CDNs). The full sets of CDNs are necessary, and perhaps even sufficient, for the understanding and treatment of each cancer patient.

Characterization of cancer-driving nucleotides (CDNs) across genes, cancer types, and patients.

A central goal of cancer genomics is to identify, in each patient, all the cancer-driving mutations. Among them, point mutations are referred to as cancer-driving nucleotides (CDNs), which recur in cancers. The companion study shows that the probability of recurrent hits in patients would decrease exponentially with ; hence, any mutation with ≥ 3 hits in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database is a high-probability CDN.

Microneedle patches incorporating zinc-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with betamethasone dipropionate for psoriasis treatment.

Treating psoriasis presents a major clinical challenge because of the limitations associated with traditional topical glucocorticoid therapy. This study introduced a drug delivery system utilizing zinc-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticle (Zn-MSN) and microneedle (MN), designed to enhance drug utilization for prolonged anti-inflammatory and anti-itch effects. The MN system facilitated the transdermal delivery of betamethasone dipropionate (BD), allowing its slow release.

Numerical simulation on 90° impact test of aluminium alloy wheel with the effect of tyre.

Car wheels are crucial to automobile safety, requiring a rigorous test before production. A 90° impact test simulates the frontal impact and its influences on the wheel structure, replicating dynamic driving conditions. A novel modelling approach is illustrated for the 90° impact test simulation and investigates the feasibility of excluding the tyre.

P. gingivalis in oral-prostate axis exacerbates benign prostatic hyperplasia via IL-6/IL-6R pathway.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease in elderly men. There is increasing evidence that periodontitis increases the risk of BPH, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.

Historical trends of breast cancer burden attributable to metabolic factors among Chinese women, 1990-2019: A population-based epidemiological study.

Background:  This study aims to analyze breast cancer burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in China from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used for attributable burden, and age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period and birth cohort.

Autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs act as prognostic biomarkers and associate with tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer.

Aberrant autophagy could promote cancer cells to survive and proliferate in prostate cancer (PCa). LncRNAs play key roles in autophagy regulatory network. We established a prognostic model, which autophagy-related lncRNAs (au-lncRNAs) were used as biomarkers to predict prognosis of individuals with PCa.

Secular trends of morbidity and mortality of thyroid cancer in five Asian countries from 1990 to 2019 and their predictions to 2035.

Background: The rising burden of thyroid cancer (TC) is a public health problem in Asia. Predicting the future burden of TC in Asian countries is essential for disease prevention.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 for five Asian countries.

Segregation of formulated powders in direct compression process and evaluations by small bench-scale testers.

Powder segregation can cause severe issues in processes of pharmaceutical drugs for control of content uniformity if the powder is likely to be free or easy flowing. Assessing segregation intensity of formulated powders in a process is challenging at the formulation stage because of the limited availability of samples. An advanced segregation evaluation using small bench-scale testers can be useful for formulation decisions and suggestions of operation conditions in the process, which has not been practically investigated before.

Improved Optimization of a Coextrusion Die with a Complex Geometry Using the Coupling Inverse Design Method.

The main challenge in a polymer coextrusion process is to have a good die design prior to the process, which can minimize the geometric errors that are caused by extrusion swell and interface motion. For this purpose, a coupling method of optimization and inverse design for a coextrusion die was studied for a medical striped catheter. In the study, the main material was thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and the auxiliary material was TPU filled with 30 wt% barium sulfate.

Prognosis difference between HER2-low and HER2-zero breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: HER2-low breast cancer (BC) is proposed to be a special population of patients with an immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1 + or 2 + and non-amplified in situ hybridization (ISH) results. The role and prognostic impact of HER2-low BC is still controversial. This meta-analysis aims to explore the prognostic difference between of HER2-low and HER2-zero characteristic in BC patients.

Constructing Janus Microsphere Membranes for Particulate Matter Filtration, Directional Water Vapor Transfer, and High-Efficiency Broad-Spectrum Sterilization.

Commercial masks have significant drawbacks, including low water vapor transmission efficiency and limited ability to inhibit harmful microorganisms, whereas in this contribution, a series of Janus microsphere membranes are developed with hierarchical structures by quenching and crystallizing 12-hydroxystearic acid and halicin layer-by-layer on a polypropylene non-woven fabric, laminating them with hydrophilic cotton fibers in a one-pot process, and further demonstrate the potential of this composite system as masks. Through further optimization, excellent superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic properties (contact angle 157.1°/0°), superior filtering effects (93.

Comparative studies of powder flow predictions using milligrams of powder for identifying powder flow issues.

Characterising powder flowability can be challenging when sample quantity is insufficient for a conventional shear cell test, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, where the cost of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) used is expensive at an early stage in the drug product development. A previous study demonstrated that powder flowability could be predicted based on powder physical properties and cohesiveness using a small quantity of powder samples (50 mg), but it remained an open question regarding the accuracy of the prediction compared to that measured using industry-standard shear cell testers and its potential to substitute the existing testers. In this study, 16 pharmaceutical powders were selected for a detailed comparative study of the predictive model.

Management Strategies and Imaging Observation of Early and Delayed Intelligent Treatment of Meniscus Sports Injury under Knee Osteoarthroscopy.

Objective: To investigate the meniscus characteristics of knee osteoarthritis and its guiding significance for minimally invasive surgery.

Methods: A total of 100 patients with knee meniscus sports injuries who were treated in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected as the research subjects and were grouped according to the interval between injury and surgery, with an interval of 2 months: the early group (53 cases) within 2 months and the delayed group (47 cases) with an interval of more than 2 months. The distribution of intraoperative complications in the two groups was observed and recorded, and the changes in pain degree, joint range of motion, knee joint function, and quality of life scores before and after operation were compared between the two groups.

Utility of Bulk T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Sequencing Analysis in Understanding Immune Responses to COVID-19.

Measuring immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), can rely on antibodies, reactive T cells and other factors, with T-cell-mediated responses appearing to have greater sensitivity and longevity. Because each T cell carries an essentially unique nucleic acid sequence for its T-cell receptor (TCR), we can interrogate sequence data derived from DNA or RNA to assess aspects of the immune response. This review deals with the utility of bulk, rather than single-cell, sequencing of TCR repertoires, considering the importance of study design, in terms of cohort selection, laboratory methods and analysis.

Alterations and Correlations of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome Characteristics in Experimental Periodontitis Rats.

Objectives: Periodontitis affects the progression of many diseases, while its detailed mechanism remains unclear. This study hopes to provide new ideas for exploring its mechanism by analyzing the gut microbiota and fecal metabolic characteristics of experimental periodontitis rats.

Methods: A total of 10 rats were randomly divided into ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP) group and healthy control group.

Alterations of gut microbiota diversity, composition and metabonomics in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rats.

Background: Studies had shown many diseases affect the stability of human microbiota, but how this relates to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been well understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of BPH on gut microbiota composition and metabonomics.

Methods: We analyzed gut samples from rats with BPH and healthy control rats, the gut microbiota composition and metabonomics were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Periodontitis Exacerbates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia through Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Epidemiological studies demonstrate that men with periodontitis are also susceptible to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and that periodontal treatment can improve the prostatic symptom. However, molecular links of this relationship are largely unknown. The goal of the current study was to elucidate the effects of experimental periodontitis on the hyperplasia of prostate and whether oxidative stress and inflammation participated in this process.

ZFC3H1 prevents RNA trafficking into nuclear speckles through condensation.

Controlling proper RNA pool for nuclear export is important for accurate gene expression. ZFC3H1 is a key controller that not only facilitates nuclear exosomal degradation, but also retains its bound polyadenylated RNAs in the nucleus upon exosome inactivation. However, how ZFC3H1 retains RNAs and how its roles in RNA retention and degradation are related remain largely unclear.

Global burden of thyroid cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Background: To investigate the burden of thyroid cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories during 30 years.

Methods: We extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the attributable risk factors of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess the changes in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR).

Stepwise Limited Axillary Lymph Node Dissection Based on Lymphatic Drainage from the Breast to Decrease Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Comprehensive axillary surgery is associated with an elevated rate of morbidity. This trial aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of axillary dissection of lymph nodes from the breast (bALND) for the purpose of limiting the extent of surgery.

Methods: Patients enrolled from two tertiary referral centers from September 2018 to September 2019 were randomly allocated to two groups: bALND and standard axillary lymph node dissection (sALND).

MRGPRX4 in Cholestatic Pruritus.

Pruritus (itch) is a debilitating symptom in liver diseases with cholestasis, which severely affects patients' quality of life. Limited treatment options are available for cholestatic itch, largely due to the incomplete understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Several factors have been proposed as pruritogens for cholestatic itch, such as bile acids, bilirubin, lysophosphatidic acid, and endogenous opioids.