Targeting the SP/KLF Transcriptional Regulatory Network Synergizes with HDAC Inhibition to Impede Progression of H3K27M Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are lethal pediatric brain tumors that frequently harbor H3K27M mutations and lack effective treatments. Here, our epigenomic analyses uncovered an enrichment of SP/KLF transcription factors in open chromatin regions specifically in H3K27M-mutated DIPG cells compared to normal pontine neural progenitor cells. SP1 depletion or inhibition of SP/KLF DNA binding with EC-8042, an optimized mithramycin analog, significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasiveness of H3K27M-DIPG cells.

Investigation of the nitrogenase cluster in : a blueprint for engineering nitrogen-fixing photoautotrophs.

The nitrogenase gene cluster of unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria, such as , is frequently selected by nature for nitrogen-fixing partnerships with eukaryotic phototrophs. The essential cluster components that confer an advantage in such partnerships remain underexplored. To use this cluster for the development of synthetic, phototrophic nitrogen-fixing systems, a thorough and systematic analysis of its constituent genes is necessary.

A multidimensional adaptive transformer network for fatigue detection.

Variations in information processing patterns induced by operational directives under varying fatigue conditions within the cerebral cortex can be identified and analyzed through electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The inherent complexity of EEG signals poses significant challenges in the effective detection of driver fatigue across diverse task scenarios. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly the Transformer architecture, have shown substantial benefits in the retrieval and integration of multi-dimensional information.

Lactate-Modulating Nanozyme-Mediated Mitochondrial Respiration Block for Tumor Immunosuppression Remodeling.

Abnormal lactate metabolism in tumor cells leads to immune escape in the tumor microenvironment. Intervening in specific lactate metabolic pathways while blocking downstream pyruvate influx holds great promise for overcoming conventional lactate-targeted therapy limitations such as short half-life, insufficient lactate consumption, and pathological microenvironment elasticity. Herein, a nanocatalytic medicine based on carbondoping engineered copper nitride enzyme (CuN-C NE) with enhanced lactate oxidase (LOX) activity was carefully designed.

Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing and network pharmacology to elucidate the effect of Yantiao Formula on alleviating ALI by regulating the polarization of alveolar macrophages.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a high mortality rate and often occurs in sepsis. Yantiao Formula (YTF) is used effectively in clinic but its mechanism in the treatment of ALI induced by sepsis remains unelucidated.

Aim Of The Study: This study aims to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of YTF in the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.

Ultrasound-triggered drug-loaded nanobubbles for enhanced T cell recruitment in cancer chemoimmunotherapy.

Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is a highly promising approach for treating tumors. However, chemotherapeutic drugs often fail to accumulate effectively at the tumor site after systemic administration and they lack sufficient immunogenicity to activate adaptive immunity, making an effective T-cell immune response within the tumor microenvironment difficult to achieve. Here, this work developed drug-loaded nanobubbles (DTX-R837@NBs) that encapsulate the chemotherapy drug docetaxel and the immune adjuvant R837 via a thin-film hydration method.

Alkane degradation coupled to Fe(III) reduction mediated by Gram-positive bacteria.

Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, such as n-alkanes, poses a significant global threat to ecosystems and human health. Microbial remediation emerges as a promising strategy for addressing this issue through both aerobic and anaerobic processes. Notably, the majority of anaerobic hydrocarbon degraders identified to date are Gram-negative bacteria.

Taxifolin attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Background: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury stands as a recurring clinical challenge in liver transplantation, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular imbalance. Mitochondria, crucial for hepatocyte metabolism, are significantly damaged during hepatic I/R and the extent of mitochondrial damage correlates with hepatocyte injury. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, is a specialized form of cellular autophagy, that maintains mitochondrial quality by identifying and removing damaged mitochondria, thereby restoring cellular homeostasis.

DNA damage caused by chemotherapy has duality, and traditional Chinese medicine may be a better choice to reduce its toxicity.

Background: DNA damage induced by chemotherapy has duality. It affects the efficacy of chemotherapy and constrains its application. An increasing number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is highly effective in reducing side-effects induced by chemotherapy due to its natural, non-toxic and many sourced from food.

Aflatoxins in dried chilli products in Gansu Province and health risk.

In order to understand the status of aflatoxin contamination in dried chilli products in Gansu Province and the risk of dietary exposure, a total of 106 samples of dried chilli products from farmers' markets and supermarkets in 14 prefecture-cities of Gansu Province were collected and analysed by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that the detection rate of aflatoxin in dried chilli products in Gansu Province was 30.2%, and the average level was 1.

Shenqi Fuzheng Injection Reduces Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury via cGAS/STING Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Mice Model.

Background: Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SQFZ) is a traditional Chinese medicine injection consists of extracts of and . Combining SQFZ with conventional chemotherapy may improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce side-effects of chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms of SQFZ reducing cisplatin-induced kidney injury are still unclear.

Advances in and prospects of immunotherapy for prostate cancer.

Immunotherapy has shown promising therapeutic effects in hematological malignancies and certain solid tumors and has emerged as a critical and highly potential treatment modality for cancer. However, prostate cancer falls under the category of immune-resistant cold tumors, for which immunotherapy exhibits limited efficacy in patients with solid tumors. Thus, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer to facilitate immune system activation and overcome immune suppression to advance immunotherapy for prostate cancer.

A Multifunctional Nanocatalytic Metal-Organic Framework as a Ferroptosis Amplifier for Mild Hyperthermia Photothermal Therapy.

Hyperthermia therapy is considered an effective anticancer strategy. However, high temperature can trigger an excessive inflammatory response, leading to tumor self-protection, immunosuppression, metastasis, and recurrence. To address this issue, we reported a multifunctional photothermal nanoplatform to achieve mild hyperthermia photothermal therapy (mild PTT) based on cisplatin (DDP) and a ferrocene metal-organic framework (MOF-Fc) nanocomposite, which can specifically enhance ferroptosis-triggered oxidative stress levels and synchronously amplify mild hyperthermia PTT-mediated anticancer responses.

Gas6/AXL Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Background: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of complications in clinical liver surgery. AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) is a member of the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase family (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK). Our previous study has shown that AXL expression was markedly upregulated in liver transplantation patients.

Genome streamlining to improve performance of a fast-growing cyanobacterium UTEX 2973.

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that have garnered significant recognition as potential hosts for sustainable bioproduction. However, their complex regulatory networks pose significant challenges to major metabolic engineering efforts, thereby limiting their feasibility as production hosts. Genome streamlining has been demonstrated to be a successful approach for improving productivity and fitness in heterotrophs but is yet to be explored to its full potential in phototrophs.

AIMER: A SNP-independent software for identifying imprinting-like allelic methylated regions from DNA methylome.

Genomic imprinting is essential for mammalian growth and embryogenesis. High-throughput bisulfite sequencing accompanied with parental haplotype-specific information allows analysis of imprinted genes and imprinting control regions (ICRs) on a large scale. Currently, although several allelic methylated regions (AMRs) detection software were developed, methods for detecting imprinted AMRs is still limited.

Protozoan-Derived Cytokine-Transgenic Macrophages Reverse Hepatic Fibrosis.

Macrophage therapy for liver fibrosis is on the cusp of meaningful clinical utility. Due to the heterogeneities of macrophages, it is urgent to develop safer macrophages with a more stable and defined phenotype for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Herein, a new macrophage-based immunotherapy using macrophages stably expressing a pivotal cytokine from Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that infects ≈ 2 billion people is developed.

Microbes in mass extinction: an accomplice or a savior?

The invisible microbes are the main components of the biosphere and proliferated in many mass extinctions of animals. Whether the proliferation of microbes was an accomplice or a savior of the mass extinction remains uncertain. Future work has to quantify the dual effects of microbes on the environment.

A Mild Hyperthermia Hollow Carbon Nanozyme as Pyroptosis Inducer for Boosted Antitumor Immunity.

The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibody immunotherapy has demonstrated clinical benefits for multiple cancers. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumors is suppressed by deficient tumor immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, can release tumor antigens, activate effective tumor immunogenicity, and improve the efficiency of ICB, but efficient pyroptosis for tumor treatment is currently limited.

[Multi-classification prediction model of lung cancer tumor mutation burden based on residual network].

Medical studies have found that tumor mutation burden (TMB) is positively correlated with the efficacy of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and TMB value can be used to predict the efficacy of targeted therapy and chemotherapy. However, the calculation of TMB value mainly depends on the whole exon sequencing (WES) technology, which usually costs too much time and expenses. To deal with above problem, this paper studies the correlation between TMB and slice images by taking advantage of digital pathological slices commonly used in clinic and then predicts the patient TMB level accordingly.

Piceatannol alleviates liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 in hepatic macrophages.

Background: Macrophages present strong immunomodulatory ability and are considered to be core immune cells in the process of hepatic ischaemia‒reperfusion (I/R). The NLRP3 inflammasome is a kind of intracellular multimolecular complex that actively participates in innate immune responses and proinflammatory signalling pathways. Piceatannol (PIC) is a derivative of the natural phenolic compound resveratrol and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Characterization of an antimony-resistant fungus Sarocladium kiliense ZJ-1 and its potential as an antimony bio-remediator.

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid widely distributed in the natural environments. Microorganisms, especially fungi, could serve as ideal biomaterials for bioremediation of Sb-polluted soils and waters. In this study, we isolated an antimony-resistant fungus, Sarocladium kiliense ZJ-1, from a slag sample collected in Xikuangshan Sb mine in P.

Yantiao Formula Intervention in Rats with Sepsis: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Analysis.

Aim And Objective: Traditional Chinese Medicine prescribes Yantiao Formula (YTF; peach kernel, mirabilite, and to treat sepsis. Clinically, it reduced the inflammatory response of sepsis. It also reduced lung damage by decreasing the level of TNF-α in septic rats' serum.