Impact of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine on symptoms following omicron variant breakthrough infection.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its sublineages continue to circulate widely. Clinical outcomes with this variant differ among individuals, primarily influenced by host immunity. Previous studies have explored the relationship between immune responses and severe diseases in infected or convalescent patients.

The prognostic value of anti-gp210 and anti-centromere antibodies in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: Enhancing the prognostic utility on the GLOBE scoring system.

Background: Positivity for anti-gp210 and anti-centromeric antibodies (ACA) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have been associated with the progression of liver failure and portal hypertension (PH), respectively. The value of combining risk autoantibody assessments with prognostic scoring systems in improving risk assessment in patients with PBC remains unclear.

Aims: To investigate the prognostic significance of various combinations of anti-gp210 and ACA statuses and their enhancing the prognostic utility on the GLOBE scoring system.

A novel cytoprotective organ perfusion platform for reconstructing homeostasis of DCD liver while alleviating IRI injury.

Pump is a vital component for expelling the perfusate in small animal isolated organ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) systems whose flexible structure and rhythmic contraction play a crucial role in maintaining perfusion system homeostasis. However, the continuous extrusion forming with the rigid stationary shaft of the peristaltic pumps can damage cells, leading to metabolic disorders and eventual dysfunction of transplanted organs. Here, we developed a novel biomimetic blood-gas system (BBGs) for preventing cell damage.

How do immune cells shape type 1 diabetes? Insights from Mendelian randomization.

Objective: The role of immune cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the causal effect of different immune cells on T1D using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: A dataset of immune cell phenotypes (numbered from GCST0001391 to GCST0002121) was obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute, while a T1D dataset (numbered finngen_R10_T1D) was obtained from FinnGen.

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Delays the Onset of Osteoporosis and Dyslipidemia in Mice With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.

Objectives: The pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) not only affects the ovarian structure and function but also gives rise to complications such as osteoporosis and dyslipidemia. Although low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been proven effective in treating POI, its impact on the associated complications remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of LIPUS irradiation on osteoporosis and dyslipidemia in a mouse model of POI.

Prediction of Ki-67 expression in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors using histogram analysis of monochromatic and iodine images derived from spectral CT.

Purpose: To assess and compare the diagnostic efficiency of histogram analysis of monochromatic and iodine images derived from spectral CT in predicting Ki-67 expression in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gGIST).

Methods: Sixty-five patients with gGIST who underwent spectral CT were divided into a low-level Ki-67 expression group (LEG, Ki-67 < 10%, n = 33) and a high-level Ki-67 expression group (HEG, Ki-67 ≥ 10%, n = 32). Conventional CT features were extracted and compared.

Causal Associations between Sleep Traits, Sleep Disorders, and Glioblastoma: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive brain tumor predominantly affecting individuals over 40, often co-occurs with sleep disorders. However, the causal relationship remains unclear. This study employed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal links between sleep traits/disorders and GBM.

Tachykinin signaling in the right parabrachial nucleus mediates early-phase neuropathic pain development.

The lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is critically involved in neuropathic pain modulation. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. Here, we report that in mice, the right-sided, but not the left-sided, PBN plays an essential role in the development of hyperalgesia following nerve injury, irrespective of the injury side.

Inverse design of metalenses with polarization and chromatic dispersion modulation via transfer learning.

Polarization and wavelength multiplexed metalenses address the bulkiness of traditional imaging systems. However, despite progress with numerical simulations and parameter scanning, the engineering complexity of classical methods highlights the urgent need for efficient deep learning approaches. This paper introduces a deep learning-driven inverse design model for polarization-multiplexed metalenses, employing propagation phase theory alongside spectral transfer learning to address chromatic dispersion challenges.

Multifunctional non-Hermitian metasurface: metalens and holograms.

Exceptional points (EPs) have been the subject of wide concern because of their unique physical properties and have produced many related applications. However, up to now, most non-Hermitian metasurfaces related to EPs focus on realizing a single function. It remains a challenge to integrate multiple functions into a single non-Hermitian metasurface while making it dynamically adjustable.

Ocular findings in neurosyphilis: a retrospective study from 2012 to 2022.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate ocular manifestations in patients with neurosyphilis and their association with general indexes.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted among patients who were hospitalized for neurosyphilis from 2012 to 2022. Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, brain MRI, and ocular examinations were reviewed and analyzed.

Low-risk individuals with primary biliary cholangitis and significant liver stiffness: prognosis and treatment.

Background: Some patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or combined fenofibrate had well-controlled biochemical parameters but high liver stiffness, and the prognosis as well as therapeutic options for these patients may be an area worthy of further exploration.

Aims: To explore the prognosis and treatment of patients with low-risk and high liver stiffness.

Methods: A retrospective study included 424 cases of UDCA monotherapy and 102 cases of combined fenofibrate treatment.

Effect of powder combined with conventional therapy on mild to moderate fatty liver.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a variety of liver conditions impacting individuals who consume minimal or no alcohol. Recently, traditional Chinese medicine has been gradually used to treat mild to moderate fatty liver, among which Lindl. powder has been affirmed by many doctors and patients to be effective.

The Association Between Causality Orientation and Internet Gaming Disorder, and the Role of Sensation Seeking, Anxiety, and Depression.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms.

Effects of exposure to outdoor light at night on blood lipids in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Previous studies have reported that a potential association between exposure to outdoor light at night (LAN) and diseases. However, there is no evidence regarding the impacts of outdoor LAN exposure on lipid metabolism in humans. This study aims to evaluate the associations between outdoor LAN exposure and the prevalence of dyslipidemia, using a nationwide sample of 10,894 adults aged ≥ 45 years from 150 investigated sites across China in 2011-2012.

Unveiling the causal effects of gut microbiome on trimethylamine N-oxide: evidence from Mendelian randomization.

Objective: The relationship between gut microbiome and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to assess the causal effects of different gut microbes on TMAO using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: Gut microbiome and TMAO datasets were acquired from genome-wide association studies and screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms according to the basic assumptions of MR.

Unequal causality between autoimmune thyroiditis and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from FinnGen. Exposure-outcome causality was assessed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median.

Metabolites derived from gut microbiota mitigate chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.

Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third-leading cause of tumor-related deaths. The gut microbiota has gained attention in cancer treatment, due to its influence on the immune system and drug activity.

Areas Covered: Tintelnot and collaborators highlight distinct gut microbiota composition in metastatic PDAC (mPDAC) patients responding versus non-responding to chemotherapy.