Effects of different shoeing conditions on equine cervical and back kinematics during walking and trotting on a soft surface.

There is a paucity of scientific data on the effect of shoeing on equine neck and back kinematics during locomotion over commonly used sand training surfaces. A better appreciation of how alterations at hoof-ground interface influence equine upper body movements is relevant for improving horse's health and performance. Our objectives were to determine the effects of different shoeing conditions on equine neck and back kinematics at walk and trot in straight line over sand.

High pathogenicity avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in a captive Tibetan black bear (): investigations based on paraffin-embedded tissues, France, 2022.

Unlabelled: High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) H5Nx of clade 2.3.4.

Co-infection of distinct papillomavirus types in a captive North American porcupine.

Background: Only two cases of papillomavirus infections in North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) have been described thus far, and molecular investigation linked these cases to two distinct papillomavirus species.

Methods: In this report, we present the clinical, histological and molecular investigation of a third case of a porcupine papillomavirus infection. Papillomatous lesions occurred on the upper and lower lip of an otherwise healthy three-year old female that was kept in captivity.

Assessment of sexual function and conjugal satisfaction prior to and after liver transplantation.

Background: The aims of this study were to assess sexual function and conjugal satisfaction in patients prior to and after liver transplantation, and in comparison to healthy individuals.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional cohort questionnaire assessment was performed in adult liver recipients, including the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for men or the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for women. Conjugal satisfaction was assessed with the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test.