Integrating Social Dimensions into Future Sustainable Energy Supply Networks.

Environmental protection and sustainable development have become an inevitable trend in many areas, including the energy industry. The development of energy supply networks is strongly correlated with the economics of energy sources as well as ecological and socio-political issues. However, the energy supply network is often distant from the social perspective.

Polypropylene Blends with m-EPR Copolymers: Mechanical and Rheological Properties.

The effects of two metallocene ethylene-propylene-based elastomers (m-EPR1 and m-EPR2) differing in molecular mass and viscosity on mechanical, rheological and interfacial properties were compared. The m-EPR elastomers were added to iPP in 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 vol.

Effect of various neurotransmitters and electrical field stimulation on smooth muscle preparations from the esophagus of horses.

The effects of various neurotransmitters and electrical field stimulation on muscle strips from the distal equine esophagus were studied. Acetylcholine (ACH) caused concentration dependent (1.1-55 x 10(-6) mol/l) contractions of the longitudinal and circular muscle strips from the distal esophagus as well as from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).

Effects of adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and different cholinergic agents on smooth muscle preparations from the ansa proximalis coli in cattle: studies in vitro.

The effects of adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and different cholinergic agents on isolated muscle strips from the ansa proximalis coli in cattle were studied. Adrenaline (5 x 10(-5) mol/l) evoked a relaxing effect (p < 0.05) on longitudinal and circular muscle strips, mediated via beta- and alpha 1-receptors respectively.

Effect of noradrenaline on smooth muscle strips from the reticular groove of adult cattle.

The effect of noradrenaline (NA) on smooth muscle strips from the reticular groove of adult cattle was studied. The mechanical activity of the muscle strips was recorded isometrically. Noradrenaline caused concentration dependent (1.

Relaxation of muscle strips from the reticular groove and reticulo-omasal orifice by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

The effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on muscle strips from the reticular groove, the reticulo-omasal orifice (ROO) and the omasal canal was studied. VIP caused a concentration-dependent (10(-8)-5 x 10(-7) mol/l) reduction of the acetylcholine-induced (55 x 10(-6) mol/l) contraction of the reticular groove muscle preparations from calves and adult cattle. VIP was more effective in the muscle strips from calves than in those from adult cattle.

[Effect of catecholamines on the smooth muscles of the esophageal groove of calves].

The effect of noradrenaline and adrenaline on isolated smooth muscle from the reticular groove of calves was studied. Both catecholamines caused a concentration-dependent (1.1.

Effect of electrical field stimulation on muscle strips from chicken crop.

The effect of electrical field stimulation (EFS) on smooth muscle strips from the chicken crop was investigated. The EFS (5 Hz, 2 ms, 400 mA; 10 Hz, 2 ms, 400 mA; 5 Hz, 2 ms, 500 mA; 10 Hz, 2 ms, 500 mA) produced contractions in all preparations. Atropine (10(-5) mol l-1) diminished muscle contraction in response to EFS.

Packed- and fluidized-bed biofilm reactor performance for anaerobic wastewater treatment.

Anaerobic degradation performance of a laboratory-scale packed-bed reactor (PBR) was compared with two fluidized-bed biofilm reactors (FBRs) on molasses and whey feeds. The reactors were operated under constant pH (7) and temperature (35 degrees C) conditions and were well mixed with high recirculation rates. The measured variables were chemical oxygen demand (COD), individual organic acids, gas composition, and gas rates.

Modeling dynamic experiments on the anaerobic degradation of molasses wastewater.

The kinetics of anaerobic degradation of a molasses wastewater were measured under constant pH conditions in a laboratory scale packed bed reactor. In continuous and batch experiments the formation and degradation rates of the organic acids (butyric, propionic and acetic) have been followed. The influence of hydrogen gas on the acid degradation rates has been measured and, contrary to the literature and the thermo-dynamic calculations, no inhibition was detected, biofilm diffusional effects may be the reason.

Effect of bombesin and substance P on the smooth muscle of the chicken crop.

The effect of bombesin and of substance P was investigated in smooth muscle strips of the chicken crop. Bombesin in picomolar concentration (0.1 x 10(-12) - 5 X 10(-12) mol/l) caused a concentration-related contraction of the muscle strips.

Effect of neurotensin on the smooth muscle of the chicken crop.

1. The effect of neurotensin was studied in the isolated smooth muscle of the chicken crop. 2.

Modeling of experiments on biofilm penetration effects in a fluidized bed nitrification reactor.

A four-component, diffusion-reaction model with double Michaelis-Menten kinetics was used to describe the experimental data obtained from a laboratory biofilm, fluidized-bed nitrification reactor. Theory and experiment demonstrated that the stoichiometric ratio (3.5 mg O(2)/mg NH(4)(+)-N) can be employed as a criterion to determine whether the limiting substrate is oxygen or ammonia.

[The Göttinger minipig as a laboratory animal. 4. Communication: respiration parameters (author's transl)].

The following parameters were determined: Rate of breathing (f): 31.95 +/- 6.73/min.