H3K36 methylation regulates cell plasticity and regeneration in the intestinal epithelium.

Plasticity is needed during development and homeostasis to generate diverse cell types from stem and progenitor cells. Following differentiation, plasticity must be restricted in specialized cells to maintain tissue integrity and function. For this reason, specialized cell identity is stable under homeostatic conditions; however, cells in some tissues regain plasticity during injury-induced regeneration.

Comparing and assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines for different populations with and without chronic conditions and/or disabilities: a systematic review protocol.

Physical activity guidelines targeting different populations with and without chronic diseases or disabilities are required to meet the diverse functional and physiological needs experienced by different subgroups of people to achieve optimal health benefits. As the importance of physical activity guidelines in promoting optimal health and well-being becomes increasingly recognised, there is a critical need for their systematic evaluation to ensure they remain effective, applicable and aligned with evolving health needs and scientific insights. This study aims to systematically review, critically evaluate, and compare global physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines on frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise for adults, pregnant and postpartum women, and people living with chronic conditions and/or disabilities.

Light Walking Patterns and Postprandial Cardiometabolic Responses in Young Obese Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Context: Recent studies suggest that light-intensity physical activity may enhance cardiometabolic health and reduce mortality risk in adults. However, more information is required to understand the patterns of light-intensity physical activity and postprandial cardiometabolic health.

Objective: This study examined the effects of different light-intensity walking patterns on postprandial cardiometabolic responses in young obese adults.

Effect of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Frequent Activity Breaks on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Trial.

This study examined acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with short activity breaks on postprandial glucose/insulin responses and estimations of insulin sensitivity in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In a randomized crossover trial, eight adults (age = 46 ± 14 years [mean ± SD], body mass index [BMI] = 27.2 ± 3.

Interplay between physical activity volume and intensity with modeled life expectancy in women and men: A prospective cohort analysis.

Background: There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy. The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between objectively measured PA volume and intensity profiles with modeled life expectancy in women and men within the UK Biobank cohort study and interpret findings in relation to brisk walking.

Methods: Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.

Capturing How the Accelerometer Measured Physical Activity Profile Differs in People with Diabetic Foot Ulceration.

Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes, with treatment requiring offloading. This study aimed to capture how the accelerometer-assessed physical activity profile differs in those with DFUs compared to those with diabetes but without ulceration (non-DFU). Participants were requested to wear an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for up to 8days.

Physical Activity Volume, Intensity, and Mortality: Harmonized Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Introduction: It is unclear whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with a lower mortality risk, over and above its contribution to total physical activity volume.

Methods: 46,682 adults (mean age: 64 years) were included in a meta-analysis of nine prospective cohort studies. Each cohort generated tertiles of accelerometry-measured physical activity volume and volume-adjusted MVPA.

Preoperative imaging of colorectal liver metastases: what the radiologist and the multidisciplinary team need to know.

The management of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) has transformed over the past 2 decades. Advances in surgical techniques, systemic therapies, and local treatments have resulted in a paradigm shift. Disease that would once have been considered terminal is now frequently treated aggressively with both a disease-free and overall survival benefit.

An Optimized CT Protocol for Detecting Suspected Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Comparative Analysis with MRI.

Background And Purpose: Lumbar disc herniation, potentially leading to nerve root compression and cauda equina syndrome, is typically evaluated using MR imaging. However, the limited availability of MR imaging outside regular hours in certain health care systems poses considerable challenges. This purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an optimized CT lumbar spine protocol as a potential alternative to MR imaging in assessing suspected neural compression.

Fully synthetic hydrogels promote robust crypt formation in intestinal organoids.

Initial landmark studies in the design of synthetic hydrogels for intestinal organoid culture identified precise matrix requirements for differentiation, namely decompression of matrix-imposed forces and supplementation of laminin. But beyond stating the necessity of laminin, organoid-laminin interactions have gone largely unstudied, as this ubiquitous requirement of exogenous laminin hinders investigation. In this work, we exploit a fast stress relaxing, boronate ester based synthetic hydrogel for the culture of intestinal organoids, and fortuitously discover that unlike all other synthetic hydrogels to date, laminin does not need to be supplemented for crypt formation.

What is the optimum post treatment surveillance imaging protocol for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritoneii?

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare and can be associated with the development of disseminated peritoneal disease known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Mucinous tumours identified on appendicectomy are therefore followed up to assess for recurrence and the development of PMP. In addition, individuals who initially present with PMP and are treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) are followed up to assess for recurrence.

Comparison of international guidelines for CT prior to lumbar puncture in patients with suspected meningitis.

Purpose: To compare the performance of multiple international guidelines in selecting patients for head CT prior to lumbar puncture (LP) in suspected meningitis, focusing on identification of potential contraindications to immediate LP.

Methods: Retrospective study of 196 patients with suspected meningitis presenting to an emergency department between March 2013 and March 2023 and undergoing head CT prior to LP. UK Joint Specialist Society Guidelines (UK), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines were evaluated by cross-referencing imaging criteria with clinical characteristics present at time of presentation.

Short, frequent, light-intensity walking activity improves postprandial vascular-inflammatory biomarkers in people with type 1 diabetes: The SIT-LESS randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To examine the effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with short, frequent, light-intensity activity on postprandial cardiovascular markers in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Materials And Methods: In a randomized crossover trial, 32 adults with T1D (mean ± SD age 28 ± 5 years, glycated haemoglobin 67.9 ± 12.

Description of an activity-based enzyme biosensor for lung cancer detection.

Background: Lung cancer is associated with the greatest cancer mortality as it typically presents with incurable distributed disease. Biomarkers relevant to risk assessment for the detection of lung cancer continue to be a challenge because they are often not detectable during the asymptomatic curable stage of the disease. A solution to population-scale testing for lung cancer will require a combination of performance, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity.

Developmental changes in the visual, haptic, and bimodal perception of geometric angles.

Geometrical knowledge is typically taught to children through a combination of vision and repetitive drawing (i.e. haptics), yet our understanding of how different spatial senses contribute to geometric perception during childhood is poor.

The Effect of Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of current and future health. While the impact of habitual physical activity on CRF is well established, the role of sedentary behaviour (SB) remains less understood.

Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of SB on CRF.

Ureteroinguinal herniation complicated by obstructive uropathy and pyelonephritis.

Herniation of the ureters into the inguinal canal is a rare but recognized phenomenon. It may be noted incidentally on cross-sectional imaging, or when it presents with complications such as obstruction or infection. It is important to highlight the finding when present, as surgical intervention will be required in the majority of cases.

Walking pace and the time between the onset of noncommunicable diseases and mortality: a UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To estimate time spent in various cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer states, according to self-reported walking pace.

Methods: In total, 391,744 UK Biobank participants were included (median age = 57 years; 54.7% women).

Self-reported walking pace and 10-year cause-specific mortality: A UK biobank investigation.

Objective: To investigate associations of self-reported walking pace (SRWP) with relative and absolute risks of cause-specific mortality.

Patients And Methods: In 391,652 UK Biobank participants recruited in 2006-2010, we estimated sex- and cause-specific (cardiovascular disease [CVD], cancer, other causes) mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 10-year mortality risks across categories of SRWP (slow, average, brisk), accounting for confounders and competing risk. Censoring occurred in September 30, 2021 (England, Wales) and October 31, 2021 (Scotland).