Innate immune recognition of DNA: A recent history.

Innate immune DNA sensing underpins many physiological and pathological responses to DNA, including anti-viral immunity to DNA viruses. Although it has been appreciated for many years that cytosolic DNA can evoke a type I interferon response, it is only within the past decade that the cellular mechanisms responsible for such a response have been defined. Here we review the discoveries that led to an appreciation of the existence of cytosolic DNA sensor proteins, and discuss two key such sensors, cGAS and IFI16, in detail.

Individual differences in highly skilled visual perceptual-motor striking skill.

Expertise studies into visual perceptual-motor skills have mainly focused their investigation upon group comparisons rather than individual comparisons. This study investigated the pick-up of visual information to time weight transfer and bat kinematics within an exemplar group of striking sport experts using an in situ temporal occlusion paradigm. Highly skilled cricket batsmen faced bowlers and attempted to strike delivered balls, whilst their vision was either temporally occluded through occlusion glasses prior to ball bounce or not occluded (control condition).

Acceptability of using standing orders to deliver human papillomavirus vaccines in the outpatient obstetrician/gynecologist setting.

Objective: Standing orders, an effective method for increasing vaccination, are not widely used for HPV vaccine. This is especially so among obstetrician/gynecologists (Ob/Gyns) - the specialty many women use as their primary care provider. We sought to understand the acceptability of using standing orders for HPV vaccination among a sample of women attending outpatient Ob/Gyn clinics.

The future of the psychiatric mental health clinical nurse specialist: evolution or extinction.

The role of the psychiatric mental health clinical nurse specialist (PMHCNS) is now in a precarious position. At first glance, some may say it is on the verge of extinction. In this article, a brief history of the role of the PMHCNS is reviewed along with current education, practice, role, and American Nurses Credentialing Center certification of the PMHCNS.

Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccines among women older than 26 years.

Objective: To examine older women's (>26 years) acceptance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, and factors associated with this outcome.

Study Design: A convenience sample of 872 women age 26-77 years were surveyed regarding the likelihood they would accept the HPV vaccine if offered to them by their provider, and factors associated with this outcome. Binomial regression, Chi square and MacNemar's analyses were used to determine associations of this outcome with demographic, attitudinal, and experiential variables.

Preparing Nursing Students for Leadership Using a Disaster-Related Simulation.

Increasing numbers and severity of disasters across the globe require nurses to be prepared to provide leadership in disaster situations. To address this need, a combination of didactic and simulation exercises was used to provide a daylong experience emphasizing application of nursing leadership skills in disasters to senior baccalaureate students. Evaluation of learning outcomes demonstrated significant improvement in student self-efficacy related to leadership in disasters.

Does Action Observation Training With Immediate Physical Practice Improve Hemiparetic Upper-Limb Function in Chronic Stroke?

Background: The mirror neuron network provides a neural mechanism to prime the motor system through action observation in stroke survivors.

Objective: To examine whether action observation training with immediate physical practice improves upper-limb function in chronic stroke.

Methods: In a within-subject design, 14 chronic stroke survivors were assessed at baseline, then participated in 2 weeks of relaxation-sham plus physical practice (control) and reassessed.

Emergence of autism spectrum disorder in children from simplex families: relations to parental perceptions of etiology.

Current research describes a four-category scheme of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) onset: early, regressive, plateau, delay + regression. To replicate prevalence of different onset types, ASD onset (per the Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised) was examined in a large North American sample; for a subset, parents' causal beliefs were ascertained via the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire to examine potential associations with ASD-onset types. Onset rates were similar across samples, with a slightly higher proportion of children in the subsample categorized with regression.

Do Moments and Strength Predict Cartilage Changes after Partial Meniscectomy?

Purpose: Higher knee load and quadriceps weakness are potential factors involved in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM). In people following APM, this study evaluated the association between external knee joint moments and quadriceps strength and 2-yr change in indices of cartilage integrity in the medial tibiofemoral compartment and patella.

Methods: Seventy people with medial APM were assessed 3 months after APM (baseline) and reassessed 2 yr later (follow-up).

The Vaccination Confidence Scale: a brief measure of parents' vaccination beliefs.

Purpose: The success of national immunization programs depends on the public's confidence in vaccines. We sought to develop a scale for measuring confidence about adolescent vaccination in diverse populations of parents.

Methods: Data came from 9623 parents who completed the 2010 National Immunization Survey-Teen, an annual, population-based telephone survey.

Pick-up of early visual information to guide kinetics and kinematics within a group of highly skilled baseball batters.

This pilot study integrated sport expertise and biomechanics methodologies within a baseball batting task. Purpose was to examine differences within a highly skilled group of baseball batters to use visual information to guide weight transfer and bat movements. One batter who played at Major League Baseball (MLB) level was compared to five batters who played at Australian Baseball League (ABL) level in a case-control design.

A longitudinal study of impact and early stance loads during gait following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.

People following arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy (APM) are at increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. High impact loading and peak loading early in the stance phase of gait may play a role in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. This was a secondary analysis of longitudinal data to investigate loading-related indices at baseline in an APM group (3 months post-surgery) and a healthy control group, and again 2 years later (follow-up).

Mechanisms underpinning longitudinal increases in the knee adduction moment following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is common following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and a higher external peak knee adduction moment is believed to be a contributor. The peak knee adduction moment has been shown to increase over 2 years (from 3-months post-arthroscopic partial meniscectomy). The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanisms underpinning the increase in peak knee adduction moment over 2 years observed in people 3-months following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.

HPV vaccine hesitancy: findings from a statewide survey of health care providers.

Introduction: Health care provider recommendations are critical for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake. We sought to describe providers' HPV vaccine recommendation practices and explore their perceptions of parental hesitancy.

Method: A statewide sample (n = 575) of Minnesota health care providers (20% pediatricians, 47% family medicine physicians, and 33% nurse practitioners) completed our online survey in April 2013.

Knee muscle strength after recent partial meniscectomy does not relate to 2-year change in knee adduction moment.

Background: Knee muscle weakness and a greater external knee adduction moment are suggested risk factors for medial tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis. Knee muscle weakness and a greater knee adduction moment may be related to each other, are potentially modifiable, and have been observed after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.

Questions/purposes: The aim of this exploratory study was to determine if knee muscle weakness 3 months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (baseline) is associated with an increase in external knee adduction parameters during the subsequent 2 years.

Use of the Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS) in young adult women.

Background: Validated measures that can accurate describe young adults' HPV vaccination attitudes and how these relate to vaccination intention and receipt are needed for developing interventions to improve low HPV vaccination levels. The Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes Scale (CHIAS) is a validated measure of these outcomes that was originally designed for parents.

Objective: To assess the performance of the CHIAS among young adult women using an exploratory factor analysis.

Changes in muscle activation following balance and technique training and a season of Australian football.

Objectives: Determine if balance and technique training implemented adjunct to 1001 male Australian football players' training influenced the activation/strength of the muscles crossing the knee during pre-planned and unplanned sidestepping.

Design: Randomized Control Trial.

Methods: Each Australian football player participated in either 28 weeks of balance and technique training or 'sham' training.

Morphology versus function: the relationship between lumbar multifidus intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle function among patients with low back pain.

Objective: To explore the bivariate and multivariate relations between fatty degeneration of the lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) and LMM function among patients with low back pain (LBP).

Design: Cross-sectional clinical study.

Setting: Hospital.

Acceptability of a hypothetical group B strep vaccine among pregnant and recently delivered women.

Objective: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes significant infant morbidity and mortality. Promising GBS vaccines are currently in clinical trials. Because GBS vaccines would be the first to specifically target pregnant women, we sought to assess acceptability of a hypothetical GBS vaccine.

Weight-related teasing, emotional eating, and weight control behaviors in Hispanic and African American girls.

Purpose: To assess the association among parent and peer weight-related teasing, emotional eating, and weight control behaviors in minority girls.

Methods: 141 Hispanic and African American preadolescent girls (mean age = 11.1 years, SD = 1.

A systematic evaluation of different methods for calculating adolescent vaccination levels using immunization information system data.

Objective: Immunization information systems (IISs) are valuable surveillance tools; however, population relocation may introduce bias when determining immunization coverage. We explored alternative methods for estimating the vaccine-eligible population when calculating adolescent immunization levels using a statewide IIS.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Michigan State Care Improvement Registry (MCIR) for all adolescents aged 11-18 years registered in the MCIR as of October 2010.

Modifiable influences on female HPV vaccine uptake at the clinic encounter level: a literature review.

Purpose: A review of the literature to identify modifiable influences on female human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake relevant to clinical practice in order to support nurse practitioners (NPs) in the prevention of cervical cancer.

Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, reference lists of publications that surfaced in the electronic search.

Conclusions: Six influences are modifiable and potentially amenable to being addressed at the clinic encounter level: (a) cost and insurance coverage, (b) provider recommendation, (c) vaccination opportunity, (d) HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge, (e) vaccine safety concerns, and (f) HPV risk.

Can technique modification training reduce knee moments in a landing task?

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are costly. Sidestep technique training reduces knee moments that load the ACL. This study examined whether landing technique training alters knee moments.

A population-level assessment of factors associated with uptake of adolescent-targeted vaccines in Michigan.

Purpose: Increases in adolescent vaccine coverage are needed. The aim of this study was to identify population-level clinical and demographic factors associated with adolescent vaccination.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR), a statewide immunization registry, was performed for 2006-2010.