- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 1-3% of people and can increase the risk of sudden cardiac death in certain patients due to fibrotic changes in the heart's papillary muscles.
- ECG signs of MVP include ST-segment depression, T wave inversion, and premature ventricular contractions, while echocardiography can detect MVP and mitral annular disjunction, which is linked to poorer outcomes.
- High-risk MVP patients may need further evaluation, and treatments like catheter ablation or mitral valve repair can help lower the risk of dangerous heart rhythms; some may also qualify for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).