Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la otitis media aguda en niños.

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most prevalent acute conditions in the pediatric population worldwide. This work aimed to elaborate a Clinical Practice Guideline with clinical recommendations systematically developed to assist decision-making of specialists, patients, caregivers, and public policymakers involved in managing patients with AOM in children.

Methods: This document was developed by the College of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology and Head, and Neck Surgery of Mexico (COPEME) in compliance with international standards.

Streptococcus pneumoniae: prevalence in nasopharyngeal carriers of more than 50-years-old, in a Mexican rural community.

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) is the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly, hence the importance to establish the prevalence of nasopharyngeal colonization by different Sp serotypes in adults.

Methods: from December 2009 to June 2010, nasopharyngeal cultures were taken from adults living in rural communities in Mexico for the isolation and serotyping of Sp by the Quellung reaction. Penicillin and ceftriaxone susceptibility tests were performed by the microdilution method.

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes isolated from the middle ear of Mexican children diagnosed with acute otitis media.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the etiology and the serotypes of S. pneumoniae (Sp) in Mexican children with acute otitis media (AOM).

Materials And Methods: The study includessamples frompatientsdiagnosed with AOM at the Federico Gomez Children's Hospital of Mexico (2002-2003),with positive culture for Sp bacteriologically confirmed in middle ear fluid obtained by tympanocentesis.

Invasive pneumococcal disease in a third level pediatric hospital in Mexico City: epidemiology and mortality risk factors.

Objective: To assess the epidemiologic characteristics of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) among a population in a pediatric hospital in Mexico City and analyze mortality-related risk factors, serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility related to S.pneumoniae.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective review of IPD cases at a third level pediatric hospital between 1997-2004.

[Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype replacement in nasopharyngeal colonization in children vaccinated with PCV7 in Mexico].

Objective: To assess the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) immunization on pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae (SPN).

Material And Methods: We studied two groups with different vaccination schedules, group I (2-6 months of age) 3+1 and group II (7 -11 months) 2+1, with a booster at 15 months.

Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriers in children under five years of age and teenagers in certain populations of Mexico City.

Objective: To carry out a pilot study to discover the frequency of colonization in healthy children under five years old and teenagers, as well as the distribution of the different N. meningitidis serogroups isolated from nasopharyngeal samples collected from the population under study.

Material And Methods: The population included youth between 15 and 19 years old living in social rehabilitation centers (SRC) and university teenagers (UT) as well as children under the age of five attending day care centers (DCC) in Mexico City.

Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in healthy children attending day-care centers in 12 states in Mexico.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is a major factor in the transmission of this bacterium.

Material And Methods: Nasopharyngeal cultures were performed on children attending 32 day-care centers in 12 states in Mexico.

Results: Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the nasopharynx of 829 out of 2,777(29.

Occurrence of intracerebral aneurysm in an HIV-infected child: a case report.

A 12-year-old female diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection at age 1 was admitted to our hospital with complaints of headache, left hemiparesis, and blurry vision. On admission, her CD4+ count was 97 cells/mm(3) (13%) and her viral load 44,783 ribonucleic acid copies/mL. Treatment had been initiated 3 months before admission with lopinavir/ritonavir, lamivudine, and stavudine.

Successful treatment of a primary cutaneous zygomycosis caused by Absidia corymbifera in a premature newborn.

Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) normally occurs among individuals with predisposing factors such as prematurity, use of broad spectrum antibiotics, metabolic acidosis or advanced stages of immunosuppression. There have been reports of sporadic cases of cutaneous mucormycosis related to predisposing skin lesions and contact with contaminated material such as adhesive bandages and tongue depressors placed close to intravenous catheter insertion sites. We report successful treatment of a case of Absidia corymbifera infection with the combination of amphotericin B and surgical debridement of the affected area.

[Pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii in HIV-infected children].

Introduction of new antiretroviral agents and development of new prophylaxis schedules against opportunistic microorganisms have allowed increase in survival as well as better quality of life in HIV-infected patients. These new treatment schedules have changed the epidemiology of opportunistic infections that previous to use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), formerly occurred with high frequency in HIV-infected children. Specifically, pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii formerly occurred in 12 to 80% of these patients and was associated with high mortality.

M protein gene type distribution among group A streptococcal clinical isolates recovered in Mexico City, Mexico, from 1991 to 2000, and Durango, Mexico, from 1998 to 1999: overlap with type distribution within the United States.

To examine the type distribution of pathogenic group A streptococcal (GAS) strains in Mexico, we determined the emm types of 423 GAS isolates collected from ill patients residing in Mexico (Durango or Mexico City). These included 282 throat isolates and 107 isolates from normally sterile sites. Of the other isolates, 38 were recovered from other miscellaneous infections.

Carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in a cohort of a daycare center.

Objective: To define epidemiologic relationships to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors for nasopharyngeal colonization by antibiotic-resistant pneumococci, their serotypes and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in children attending a daycare center (DCC).

Material And Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among children (n = 53) attending the DCC at Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, which is staffed by 20 employees. Patients were enrolled in the study during a two-year period from September 1997 to September 1999.