Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy in Drug Overdose and Poisoning: An Updated Review.

The use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) is thought to reverse the acute neurological and cardiac toxicities generated by local anesthetic and non-anesthetic drugs. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of ILE therapy in the management of the toxic efects of medications on humans. Indications, mechanisms of action, monitoring, dosing, lipid formulations, adverse efects, and contraindications related to ILE are highlighted.

Assessment of Serum Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Background/aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is a major subtype of chronic relapsing inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we assessed the possible contributions of serum oxidative/nitrosative stress and dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis to CD pathogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Patients with active CD (A-CD) at onset (n = 38), CD patients in the remission (R-CD) (n = 38), and healthy controls (n = 38) were prospectively included in this study.

Evaluations of Oxidative Stress, Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis, and Nitric Oxide in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Aim: To investigate changes in nitric oxide (NO) levels, oxidative stress, and dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages (aSAH).

Material And Methods: This prospective study included a total of 40 consecutive patients suffering from aSAH, who were operated on within the first 48 hours from onset of symptoms; CSF and blood samples were collected from these patients during their operations. To create a control group, blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid were taken from patients (n=40) without neurologic disorders who had undergone lumbar puncture for spinal anesthesia.

Effects of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin on serum humanin, MOTS-c levels, nitrosative stress, and ferroptosis parameters in diabetic patients with heart failure.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors produce cardioprotective effects on heart failure (HF), even in the absence of diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms of this cardioprotective effect remain unexplored. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on serum MOTS-c, humanin levels, nitrosative stress, and ferroptosis parameters in diabetic patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Recent Progress and Perspectives in Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 1/2 Inhibitors.

Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter-1/2 (SGLT1/2) inhibitors (also called glifozins) are a class of glucose-decreasing drugs in adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). SGLT2 inhibitors diminish sodium and glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal convoluted tubule. Recent clinical trials have revealed that SGLT2 inhibitors might be beneficial for treating diseases other than diabetes, including chronic renal disease and Heart Failure (HF).

Impact of Radiation Therapy on Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Levels in Patients with Lung or Breast Cancer.

Background: Lung and breast cancer are the most frequent causes of death from cancer globally. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the serum mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) and humanin levels in lung or breast cancer patients, and investigate the impacts of radiation therapy on the circulating levels of these peptides.

Methods: 35 lung cancer patients, 34 breast cancer patients, and healthy volunteers as a control group were recruited in this prospective observatory research.

Expression Analysis of the Small GTP-Binding Protein Rac in Pterygium.

Objectives: To determine the roles of small GTP-binding proteins Rac1, Rac2, and Rac3 expression in pterygial tissue and to compare these expressions with normal conjunctival tissue.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-eight patients with primary pterygium were enrolled. Healthy conjunctival graft specimens obtained during pterygium surgery were used as control tissue.

Evaluation of Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Peptide Levels in Patients with COVID-19 and Healthy Subjects.

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening and persistent pandemic with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Although a dysfunction in the mitochondria occurs in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the contribution of mitochondrial-derived peptides to its pathophysiology has not yet been completely elucidated. The goals of this research were to assess the circulating humanin and mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) levels in COVID-19 patients and explore the effects of antiviral drug therapy on these peptide levels.

Male- and female-specific microRNA expression patterns in a mouse model of methanol poisoning.

The aims of this study were to determine the miRNAs involved in the methanol poisoning, and identify the male- and female-specific miRNA expression patterns in mice. Methanol was applied orally at the doses of 4 g/kg and 8 g/kg to induce mild and severe methanol poisoning in Balb/c mice. miRNA expression levels were detected at 3 different time periods (30, 60, and 180 min) following methanol exposure.

Evaluation of the Rho-kinase gene expression and polymorphisms in adult patients with acute appendicitis: a differential impact of gender.

Objective: Acute appendicitis represents one of the most common causes of acute intra-abdominal emergencies worldwide. In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate associations of Rho-kinase gene expression and polymorphisms with acute appendicitis in a Turkish population. We also aimed to study the effects of gender on these parameters.

Protective effects of verbenalin and (+)-eudesmin against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress in SH-SY5Y cells.

Background: The purpose of this research was to study whether verbenalin, an iridoid glucoside, and (+)-eudesmin, a furofuran lignan isolated from different plant families, can attenuate cell damage and death induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with 6-OHDA (35 µM) for 1 day. Verbenalin and (+)-eudesmin were administrated with various concentrations (1, 2.

Investigation of Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Nitrosative Stress in Patients with Wilson Disease.

Background: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper (Cu2+) metabolism, resulting in Cu2+ accumulation and liver and central nervous system toxicity. Oxidative stress may have a role in the pathogenesis of Wilson disease, but the roles of thiol/disulfide homeostasis and nitrosative stress have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is a modification in thiol/disulfide homeostasis and nitrosative stress in patients with Wilson disease.

Effects of antiviral drug therapy on dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis and nitric oxide levels in COVID-19 patients.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a serious global pandemic. Although an oxidative stress imbalance occurs in COVID-19 patients, the contributions of thiol/disulphide homeostasis and nitric oxide (NO) generation to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 have been poorly identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of antiviral drug therapy on the serum dynamics of thiol/disulphide homeostasis and NO levels in COVID-19 patients.

Comparison of serum dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis and nitric oxide levels of total intravenous vs inhaled anaesthesia in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Background: Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TPS) is traditionally performed under general anaesthesia. This study aimed to compare the effects of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) or sevoflurane, an inhalation anaesthetic, on thiol-disulphide homeostasis in patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal TPS.

Methods: In this study, 84 patients scheduled for TPS were randomly categorised into two groups: propofol (n = 42, the TIVA group) or sevoflurane (n = 42, the SEVO group).

Variants in TNF and NOS3 (eNOS) genes associated with sepsis in adult patients.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infections and is a leading cause of death in hospitalized patients. The present study aimed to elucidate the possible association between sepsis and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene -308G/A (rs1800629) polymorphism, as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, NOS3) gene -786T/C (rs2070744), 4a/4b (27 bp-VNTR in intron 4, rs61722009) and 894G/T (Glu298Asp, rs1799983) polymorphisms.

Methods: In total, 188 septic adult cases and 188 healthy controls were enrolled.

Serum vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein levels and leukocyte vitamin D receptor gene expression in patients with ischaemic stroke.

Objective: To investigate the possible contributions of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D binding protein levels along with leukocyte vitamin D receptor gene expression in patients with ischaemic stroke.

Methods: The randomised controlled single-blind study was conducted at the Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from September 2015 to September 2017, and comprised patients aged 40-75 years with Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen type A2 and A3 per trochanteric fracture. The patients randomised into two equal groups.

Investigation of leukocyte gene expressions in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia caused by disorganized electrical activity in the atria, and it is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. There is a limited data about Rho/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway contribute to AF development. The aim of the present study was to elucidate leukocyte gene expressions in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF).

Effectiveness Oral Theophylline, Piracetam, and Iron Treatments in Children With Simple Breath-Holding Spells.

Breath-holding spells (BHS) are common nonepileptic paroxysmal events in children. This is a retrospective study to compare the effectiveness of oral theophylline, piracetam, and iron treatments in children with simple BHS. A total of 146 children (75 girls and 71 boys) with simple BHS were included to this retrospective study.

N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid attenuates remedial effects of memantine on memory deficits following intracerebroventricular streptozotocin administration in rats.

N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (ACA) is a blocker of transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) which is a non-selective, Ca2+-permeable and oxidative stress sensor cation channel. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ) induction successfully generates spatial memory deficits in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of ACA on a rat model of STZ-induced learning and memory deficits.

Investigation of Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Children With Acute Immune Thrombocytopenia.

Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but the role of dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis has not been studied. The objective of this study was to assess whether there is a change in thiol/disulfide homeostasis in children with acute ITP. A total of 40 children with acute ITP and 50 healthy age-matched and sex-matched controls were included in this study.

Determination of dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis in children with tetralogy of Fallot and ventricular septal defect.

Oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects, but the role of dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to assess whether there are changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis and nitric oxide levels in children with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and ventricular septal defect (VSD). A total of 47 children with congenital heart defects (24 TOF and 23 VSD) and 47 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study.

Increased Expressions of ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 in Pterygium.

: Pterygium, one of the most common ocular surface diseases, is characterized by inflammatory infiltrates, proliferation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix breakdown. The objective of this study was to elucidate the levels of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2, and ICAM-3 gene and protein expressions in pterygium. : A total of 59 patients with pterygium were included in this study.