Breast cancer to thyroid gland: An unconventional metastatic site.

Thyroid gland blood supply is rich but it is not an open area for metastasis. Only 1%-3% of the neoplastic lesions seen in the thyroid are of extrathyroidal origin. Thyroid, lung, bone, lymph node metastasis were detected at the time of diagnosis in a 78-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer.

Sarcopenia assessment by new EWGSOP2 criteria for predicting chemotherapy dose-limiting toxicity in patients with gastrointestinal tract tumors.

Introduction: In 2019, The EWGSOP2 group made updates on the definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia. The aim of this study is to determine the possible risk factors for chemotherapy dose-limiting toxicity (DLT).

Methods: Newly diagnosed gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients were included in this prospective observational study.

The Relationship Between Symptom Severity and Caregiver Burden in Cancer Patients Under Palliative Care: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Hospitalization is a stressful experience both for primary caregivers (PCs) and cancer patients alike. Although there is significant evidence that PCs of cancer patients can experience significant caregiver burden (CB), less is known about the relationships between PCs and patient symptom severity that influence CB. In this cross-sectional study, measures of the symptom severity were obtained from cancer patients.

The demographic characteristics, prognosis, and relationship with cancer subtypes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with malignancy: A single-center experience.

Undoubtedly, cancer patients have suffered the most from the COVID-19 pandemic process. However, cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and each patient has responded differently to COVID-19. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID-19.

Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Emtansine in Her2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Real-World Experience.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in cases with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in different lines of treatment.

Method: Retrospective analysis of T-DM1 results of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) positive 414 cases with mBC from 31 centers in Turkey.

Findings: Except 2, all of the cases were female with a median age of 47.

Use of volumetric CT scanning to predict tumor staging and survival in pancreatic cancer patients that are to be administered curative resection.

Background: This study evaluates the achievability of CT volumetry of pancreatic cancer and its correlation with pTNM stage and survival.

Methods: Tumor volume was measured from contrast enhanced CT images of 58 patients who undergo curative resection for pancreatic cancer using the Segment Editor module implemented in 3D-Slicer-a free open source software platform. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate correlation between Tvol and pTNM staging.

The relationship between eGFR and capecitabine efficacy/toxicity in metastatic breast cancer.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A total of 135 patients included in the final analysis were stratified into 3 categories according to baseline eGFR, i.e.

Classical versus non-classical EGFR mutations: Erlotinib response and impact of renal insufficiency.

Introduction: Erlotinib is an effective treatment option for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. It is important to predict patients who will respond better to erlotinib. We designed this study to investigate the effect of renal insufficiency (RI) on erlotinib treatment outcomes.

Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer.

Introduction: With the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), we are facing challenges in the management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We aimed to characterize the spectrum of toxicity, management, and outcomes for irAEs.

Methods: Patients who were treated with at least one ICI in clinical trials, expanded access programs, or routine clinical practice were included.

Loss of skeletal muscle area and fat-free mass during dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib treatments in patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic malignant melanoma.

This study aimed to assess whether dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib treatments are associated with a change in skeletal muscle area (SMA) and total fat-free mass (FFM) assessed by computed tomography (CT), and to compare the efficacy and safety profile of these treatments in patients with metastatic melanoma. Thirty-one patients treated with B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase/MAPK extracellular receptor kinase inhibitors were included between 2016 and 2019. Eighteen patients received dabrafenib/trametinib and remaining patients received vemurafenib/cobimetinib.

Facial cutaneous metastasis of rectal adenocarcinoma.

Skin metastasis caused by carcinomas is associated with poor prognosis and is a rare and late clinical finding. Skin metastases occur in only 4-6.5% of Stage IV colorectal cancer.

Complete response after ceritinib treatment in non-small cell lung cancer in an elderly patient.

Introduction: Ceritinib is a selective second-generation ALK inhibitor that is highly sensitive to echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) molecule.

Case Report: In this paper, we report a 68-year-old female that was diagnosed with stage 4 ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). She was treated with crizotinib first-line, cisplatin and gemcitabine as second-line.

Follicular lymphoma generating in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer following nivolumab discontinuation.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated the benefit for many cancer types, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, urothelial cancer, renal cell cancer, etc. Especially in advanced non-small cell lung cancer, significant improvement in survival results has been shown.

Case Report: Here, we report a 66-year-old man with lung adenocarcinoma who received nivolumab for 80 cycles.

Cutaneous Metastasis of Signet Cell Gastric Carcinoma.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cutaneous metastases of signet-ring cell gastric carcinoma are uncommon. Here, we report a metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma, which manifested itself as an asymptomatic scar-like lesion on the epigastric area and histopathological features of the cutaneous lesion showing signet-ring cell.

A severe case of bevacizumab-induced thrombotic microangiopathy.

Bevacizumab is a human monoclonal antibody against VEGF. Many adverse reactions about bevacizumab are identified including venous and arterial thromboembolism, nausea, fatigue, alopecia, proteinuria, gastrointestinal system (GIS) perforation, exfoliative dermatitis, and peripheral edema and thrombocytopenia. In this paper, we report a case of bevacizumab-induced dose-dependent, toxicity-mediated drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy.

Is perineural invasion (PN) a determinant of disease free survival in early stage colorectal cancer?

Background/aims: The prognostic importance of perineural invasion (PN) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. The aim of this study to find out whether the PN was an independent stratification factor of postoperative relapse in curatively resected high-risk stage II & III CRC patients who were treated with adjuvant therapy.

Methodology: Data of patients with high risk stage II & all stage III CRCs treated with adjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed.

Is her-2 status in the primary tumor correlated with matched lymph node metastases in patients with gastric cancer undergoing curative gastrectomy?

Background: HER2 expression in the primary tumor and its lymph node metastases vary in gastric cancer, reflecting intratumoral heterogeneity. This finding also suggests that proliferation of a different clone in metastatic nodes is possible. In the current study, we aimed to determine the cause of discordance in HER-2 expression in the primary tumor and lymph node metastases for patients with gastric cancer.

Clinical significance of p95HER2 overexpression, PTEN loss and PI3K expression in p185HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-based therapies.

Retraction to: British Journal of Cancer (2014) 110, 1968-1976; doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.

Clinical significance of p95HER2 overexpression, PTEN loss and PI3K expression in p185HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-based therapies.

Background: Overexpression of p185HER2 is an established poor prognostic factor in breast cancer, portending an aggressive course and potential for early metastasis. On the other hand, monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is widely used in the clinic to target this overexpressed oncogene. Unfortunately, ~30-40% of all patients overexpressing HER2 respond to trastuzumab, warranting further research regarding the structure and additional modulation of the receptor.

Is Helicobacter pylori a poor prognostic factor for HER-2 SISH positive gastric cancer?

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the risk factors for gastric cancer (GC). Any prognostic effect of HER-2 status in gastric lymph node metastasis in H.

Are high initial CEA and CA 19-9 levels associated with the presence of K-ras mutation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer?

In certain cell culture studies, significant CEA expression was observed in K-ras mutant cells. However, the relationship between high CEA levels and K-ras status has not been sufficiently investigated. In the present study, we aimed to determine the prognostic role of initial CEA and CA 19-9 values in metastatic colorectal cancer patients according to the status of K-ras.

The role of K-RAS and B-RAF mutations as biomarkers in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Unlike cetuximab, there is a paucity of biomarkers for bevacizumab as predictors of outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Obviously exploring the worth of some potential markers in this setting is warranted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of the presence of K-RAS and B-RAF mutations on the outcome of patients with mCRC treated with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab combination therapy.

Clinicopathological features and outcomes of patients with gastric cancer: a single-center experience.

Aim: To evaluate the location, histopathology, stages, and treatment of gastric cancer and to conduct survival analysis on prognostic factors.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with of stomach cancer in our clinic between 2000 and 2011, with follow-up or a treatment decision, were evaluated retrospectively. They were followed up by no treatment, adjuvant therapy, or metastatic therapy.