CYCLE-CONSISTENT SELF-SUPERVISED LEARNING FOR IMPROVED HIGHLY-ACCELERATED MRI RECONSTRUCTION.

Physics-driven deep learning (PD-DL) has become a powerful tool for accelerated MRI. Recent developments have also developed unsupervised learning for PD-DL, including self-supervised learning. However, at very high acceleration rates, such approaches show performance deterioration.

TOWARDS FAST HARD-CONSTRAINED PARALLEL TRANSMIT DESIGN IN ULTRAHIGH FIELD MRI WITH PHYSICS-DRIVEN NEURAL NETWORKS.

Parallel transmission (pTx) is an important technique for reducing transmit field inhomogeneities at ultrahigh-field (UHF) MRI. pTx typically involves solving an optimization problem for radiofrequency pulse design, with hard constraints on specific-absorption rate (SAR) and/or power, which may be time-consuming. In this work, we propose a novel approach towards incorporating hard constraints to physics-driven neural networks.

The effect of art therapy on cognitive status and psychological well-being in elderly people in institutional care.

Background: Cognitive decline seen in old age manifests itself as a decrease in reasoning ability that is not related to intelligence. This situation, together with many other problems, can affect the psychological well-being of the elderly. Especially the elderly living in institutional care constitute a special group that needs to be protected.

Accelerated phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging with use of resolution enhancement generative adversarial neural network.

Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phase contrast is used to quantify blood flow. We sought to develop a complex-difference reconstruction for inline super-resolution of phase-contrast flow (CRISPFlow) to accelerate phase-contrast imaging.

Methods: CRISPFlow was built on the super-resolution generative adversarial network.

Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance with generative artificial intelligence.

Background: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging enables imaging of scar/fibrosis and is a cornerstone of most CMR imaging protocols. CMR imaging can benefit from image acceleration; however, image acceleration in LGE remains challenging due to its limited signal-to-noise ratio. In this study, we sought to evaluate a rapid two-dimensional (2D) LGE imaging protocol using a generative artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm with inline reconstruction.

Visual grading of valvular regurgitation is inferior to measurement - results from the VIAVA-study (VIsual Assessment of VAlvular Regurgitation).

While the visual estimation of systolic left ventricular function by experienced examiners closely aligns with quantitative methodologies, the accuracy of visual estimation in determining the severity of valvular regurgitation using colour flow Doppler assessment of native heart valves remains largely unexplored. This study analysed the ability of 262 physicians to visually estimate the severity of 12 native valve regurgitations by grading colour Doppler transthoracic echocardiography loops in an online questionnaire. The assessments of the participants were compared to standardized quantitative evaluations conducted by certified echocardiography experts.

Spectral EEG and heart rate changes associated with leg movements during the suggested immobilization test in patients with restless legs syndrome.

Restless legs syndrome is usually associated with periodic limb movements during sleep, which are defined as repetitive, stereotyped movements in sleep. Changes in spectral analysis of electroencephalography and heart rate were shown to be associated with periodic limb movements during sleep and non-periodic leg movements in sleep. Considering the circadian distribution of symptoms of restless legs syndrome, we investigated spectral electroencephalography and heart rate accompanying periodic limb movements, isolated leg movements and short-interval leg movements during suggested immobilization test.

Accelerated cardiac cine with spatio-coil regularized deep learning reconstruction.

Purpose: To develop an iterative deep learning (DL) reconstruction with spatio-coil regularization and multichannel k-space data consistency for accelerated cine imaging.

Methods: This study proposes a Spatio-Coil Regularized DL (SCR-DL) approach for iterative deep learning reconstruction incorporating multicoil information in data consistency and regularizer. SCR-DL uses shift-invariant convolutional kernels to interpolate missing k-space lines and reconstruct individual coil images, followed by a regularizer that operates simultaneously across spatial and coil dimensions using learned image priors.

Investigating the relationship between cognitive impairment and brain white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging in patients with prolactinoma.

Background: Cognitive impairment is known to occur in patients with prolactinoma, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate cognitive function in patients with prolactinoma and to investigate the basis of possible cognitive impairment in brain white matter changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods: 37 consecutive patients with prolactinoma and 37 healthy controls of similar age, sex, and education were enrolled in the study.

Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on intracranial pressure.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the optic nerve sheath diameter and to examine its possible effects on intracranial pressure.

Design: 20 patients with bilateral crossbite were selected. Hyrax Expander was applied and activated twice daily until the overcorrection was achieved.

Beyond the Valve: Incidence, Outcomes, and Modifiable Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Infective Endocarditis Undergoing Valve Surgery-A Retrospective, Single-Center Study.

: Infective endocarditis (IE) often requires surgical intervention, with postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), posing a significant concern. This retrospective study aimed to investigate AKI incidence, its impact on short-term mortality, and identify modifiable factors in patients with IE scheduled for valve surgery. : This single-center study enrolled 130 consecutive IE patients from 2013 to 2021 undergoing valve surgery.

Heat Shock Protein 70 Constitutes a Promising Novel Biomarker in Differential Diagnosis between Takotsubo Syndrome and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

(1) : Due to similar clinical presentation and a lack of specific biomarkers, initial differentiation between Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains challenging in daily practice. Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) is a novel biomarker that is recognized for its potential in the diagnosis and differentiation of cardiovascular conditions. (2) : Data from a total of 156 patients were analyzed (32.

Controlled Localized Metal-Organic Framework Synthesis on Anion Exchange Membranes.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) films can be used in various applications. In this work, we propose a method that can be used to synthesize MOF films localized on a single side of an anion exchange membrane, preventing the transport of the metal precursor via Donnan exclusion. This is advantageous compared to the related contra-diffusion method that results in the growth of a MOF film on both sides of the support, differing in quality on both sides.

Large-scale 3D non-Cartesian coronary MRI reconstruction using distributed memory-efficient physics-guided deep learning with limited training data.

Object: To enable high-quality physics-guided deep learning (PG-DL) reconstruction of large-scale 3D non-Cartesian coronary MRI by overcoming challenges of hardware limitations and limited training data availability.

Materials And Methods: While PG-DL has emerged as a powerful image reconstruction method, its application to large-scale 3D non-Cartesian MRI is hindered by hardware limitations and limited availability of training data. We combine several recent advances in deep learning and MRI reconstruction to tackle the former challenge, and we further propose a 2.

Radiological Parameters for the Detection of Pulmonary Hypertension in Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis and Their Influence on Mortality: Does Sex Matter?

Echocardiography has long been established as the primary noninvasive method for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension (PH) prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). In recent years, radiological methods for diagnosing PH have been investigated. Measurements such as the computed tomography angiography (CTA)-derived pulmonary artery (PA) diameter and PA diameter/body surface area (PA/BSA) have shown promising results regarding their diagnostic strength.

Unsupervised deep learning with convolutional neural networks for static parallel transmit design: A retrospective study.

Purpose: To mitigate inhomogeneity at 7T for multi-channel transmit arrays using unsupervised deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

Methods: Deep learning parallel transmit (pTx) pulse design has received attention, but such methods have relied on supervised training and did not use CNNs for multi-channel maps. In this work, we introduce an alternative approach that facilitates the use of CNNs with multi-channel maps while performing unsupervised training.

The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Psychological Variables in Patients With Schizophrenia.

Introduction: Depressive symptoms are common in schizophrenia and can be seen at any stage of the disease. Although various models have been proposed to explain the development of depression in schizophrenia, studies investigating related psychological factors are scarce and the studies that have been done usually focus on only a small number of possible factors.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the predictability of some psychological factors on depression in patients with schizophrenia.

Language corpus and data driven learning (DDL) in language classrooms: A systematic review.

This systematic review presents a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the use of corpora and data-driven learning (DDL) in language education. Corpus linguistics encompasses the use of electronic text collections for linguistic analysis, while DDL entails using corpora for pedagogical purposes in second/foreign language teaching. DDL allows language educators to move beyond traditional methods to enhance teaching practices and learning skills.

High-fidelity Database-free Deep Learning Reconstruction for Real-time Cine Cardiac MRI.

Real-time cine cardiac MRI provides an ECG-free free-breathing alternative to clinical gold-standard ECG-gated breath-hold segmented cine MRI for evaluation of heart function. Real-time cine MRI data acquisition during free breathing snapshot imaging enables imaging of patient cohorts that cannot be imaged with segmented or breath-hold acquisitions, but requires rapid imaging to achieve sufficient spatial-temporal resolutions. However, at high acceleration rates, conventional reconstruction techniques suffer from residual aliasing and temporal blurring, including advanced methods such as compressed sensing with radial trajectories.

Anxiety and depression among patients with familial Mediterranean fever.

Background: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a systemic autoinflammatory disease that requires lifelong treatment and is associated with several comorbidities, including mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. FMF and mental health necessitate further research; hence, this study aims to observe anxiety and depression and their relationship with several variables in patients with FMF.

Methods: As the study population, 360 FMF patients were surveyed between June and October 2022.

Indocyanine Green-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes as Photothermal Agents.

Photothermal nanoparticles with light-to-heat conversion properties have gained interest in recent years and have been used in a variety of applications. Herein, indocyanine green (ICG), which is commonly employed as a photothermal agent suffering from low photostability, was loaded into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) resulting in photothermal HNT-ICG nanohybrids. The photothermal heating patterns of the prepared photothermal nanohybrids as a result of near-infrared (NIR) irradiation were carefully examined.

Progress towards the Replacement of the Rabbit Blood Sugar Test for the Quantitative Determination of the Biological Activity of Insulins (USP <121>) with an In Vitro Assay.

For the quantification of insulin activity, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) general chapter <121> continues to require the rabbit blood sugar test. For new insulin or insulin analogue compounds, those quantitative data are expected for stability or comparability studies. At Sanofi, many rabbits were used to fulfil the authority's requirements to obtain quantitative insulin bioactivity data until the in vivo test was replaced.