Prospective memory performance and its resting-state functional connectivity correlates in individuals with memory complaints.

This study aimed to investigate prospective memory (PM) in patients with memory complaints but without dementia (PWD) and correlate findings with resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) alterations. We hypothesized that PM impairment would be evident at a certain relatively early point in the continuum and specific rsFC patterns would be the neuroimaging signature of this impairment. Sixty PWD participated in the study.

Integrative role of attention networks in frequency-dependent modular organization of human brain.

Despite converging evidence of hierarchical organization in the cerebral cortex, with sensory-motor and association regions at opposite ends, the mechanism of such hierarchical interactions remains elusive. This organization was primarily investigated regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). However, more effort is needed to investigate network dynamics in the frequency domain.

Volumetric and functional connectivity changes of the thalamic nuclei in different stages of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Memory processes known to be impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are maintained by a large-scale neurocognitive network with subcortical components, including the thalamus. Therefore, we aimed to examine the volumetric and functional changes of the thalamic nuclei at different scales across AD stages.

Methods: MRI data of patients diagnosed with 20 AD dementia (ADD), 30 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) were used.

Neural correlates of approach-avoidance behavior in healthy subjects: Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is implicated in top-down regulation of emotion, but the detailed network mechanisms require further elucidation. To investigate network-level functions of the dlPFC in emotion regulation, this study measured changes in task-based activation, resting-state and task-based functional connectivity (FC) patterns following suppression of dlPFC excitability by 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). In a sham-controlled within-subject design, 1-Hz active or sham rTMS was applied to the right dlPFC of 19 healthy volunteers during two separate counterbalanced sessions.

Siamese Graph Convolutional Network quantifies increasing structure-function discrepancy over the cognitive decline continuum.

Background And Objective: Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is well known to induce alterations in both structural and functional brain connectivity. However, reported changes in connectivity are mostly limited to global/local network features, which have poor specificity for diagnostic purposes. Following recent advances in machine learning, deep neural networks, particularly Graph Neural Network (GNN) based approaches, have found applications in brain research as well.

Diffusion tensor imaging in photosensitive and nonphotosensitive juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

Introduction/background: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) syndrome is known to cause alterations in brain structure and white matter integrity. The study aimed to determine structural white matter changes in patients with JME and to reveal the differences between the photosensitive (PS) and nonphotosensitive (NPS) subgroups by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using the tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method.

Methods: This study included data from 16 PS, 15 NPS patients with JME, and 41 healthy participants.

Hyperconnecitivity between dorsal attention and frontoparietal networks predicts treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) presented with repetitive obsessions and/or compulsions were associated with disrupted resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). To investigate the pharmacological treatment effect on rs-FC changes in OCD patients we conducted the seed-to-voxel FC analyses using dorsal attention network (DAN), default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and frontoparietal network (FPN) and basal ganglia seeds. Twenty-two healthy subjects and twenty-four unmedicated OCD patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Shrinkage of olfactory amygdala connotes cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Unlabelled: During the caudo-rostral progression of Lewy pathology, the amygdala is involved relatively early in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, lesser is known about the volumetric differences at the amygdala subdivisions, although the evidence mainly implicates the olfactory amygdala. We aimed to investigate the volumetric differences between the amygdala's nuclear and sectoral subdivisions in the PD cognitive impairment continuum compared to healthy controls (HC).

Morphometric analysis of medial temporal lobe subregions in Alzheimer's disease using high-resolution MRI.

The spread pattern of progressive degeneration seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) to small-scale medial temporal lobe subregions is critical for early diagnosis. In this context, it was aimed to examine the morphometric changes of the hippocampal subfields, amygdala nuclei, entorhinal cortex (ERC), and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) using MRI. MRI data of patients diagnosed with 20 Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), 30 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 30 subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) without demographic differences were used.

Comparison of FreeSurfer and CAT12 Software in Parcel-Based Cortical Thickness Calculations.

Several approaches have emerged to measure the cortical thickness (CT), which can be broadly divided into surface-based and voxel-based algorithms. We aimed to compare parcel-based CT estimation of the widely used FreeSurfer (FS) software and CAT12 software, which is a widely used voxel-based approach, and evaluate the test-retest (TRT) reliability of both methods. MRI images of 417 healthy individuals were analyzed.

Identification of metabolic correlates of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and machine learning.

Objective: To investigate metabolic changes of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (H-MRSI).

Methods: Sixteen healthy controls (HC), 26 cognitively normal Parkinson's disease (PD-CN) patients, and 34 PD-MCI patients were scanned in this prospective study. Neuropsychological tests were performed, and three-dimensional H-MRSI was obtained at 3 T.

Protective effects of dexpanthenol in carbon tetrachloride-induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

Exposure to various organic compounds including several environmental pollutants and drugs can cause cellular damage through the generation of lipid peroxidation products. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl) is a potent toxic agent that causes peroxidative degeneration in many tissues. Dexpanthenol (Dxp) is a member of the B complex vitamins that exhibits antioxidant effects against lipid peroxidation products.

Altered Resting State Functional Connectivity and Its Correlation with Cognitive Functions at Ultra High Risk for Psychosis.

The aim of this study is to identify robust resting state-functional connectivity (rs-FC) alterations and their correlations with the neuropsychological characteristics of Ultra-High Risk (UHR) for psychosis subjects compared to healthy controls (HCs). Twenty individuals with UHR and sixteen HCs underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and a cognitive battery evaluating attention, episodic memory and executive functions. Compared to HCs, UHR individuals showed working memory and set-shifting impairments.

Default mode and dorsal attention network involvement in visually guided motor sequence learning.

Motor sequence learning (MSL) paradigms are often used to investigate the neural processes underlying the acquisition of complex motor skills. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have indicated an early stage in which spatial learning is prominent and a late stage of automatized performance after multiple training periods. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies yielded both decreased and increased activations of the sensorimotor and association areas.

Detection of visual and frontoparietal network perfusion deficits in Parkinson's disease dementia.

Mild cognitive impairment of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be an early manifestation that may progressively worsen to dementia. Cognitive decline has been associated with changes in the brain perfusion pattern. This study aimed to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) deficits specific to different stages of cognitive decline.

Functional connectivity disturbances of ascending reticular activating system and posterior thalamus in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in relation with photosensitivity: A resting-state fMRI study.

Objective: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is typified by the occurrence of myoclonic seizures after awakening, though another common trait is myoclonic seizures triggered by photic stimulation. We aimed to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) of nuclei in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), thalamus and visual cortex in JME with and without photosensitivity.

Methods: We examined 29 patients with JME (16 photosensitive (PS), 13 non- photosensitive-(NPS)) and 28 healthy controls (HCs) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Functional connectivity analysis of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy displaying different ictal propagation patterns.

The pathophysiology of switch-of lateralization and bilateral temporal asynchrony, which are scalp EEG ictal propagation patterns (iPP) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), is poorly understood. We aimed to analyse functional connectivity (FC) of the temporal lobe and related areas in patients with TLE with iPP (iPP-TLE) and without iPP (non-iPP TLE). Twelve patients with iPP-TLE, 13 patients with non-iPP TLE, and 13 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI).

Neuronavigated rTMS inhibition of right pars triangularis anterior in stuttering: Differential effects on reading and speaking.

Functional neuroimaging studies show an overactivation of speech and language related homologous areas of the right hemisphere in persons who stutter. In this study, we inhibited Broca's homologues using 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and assessed its effects on stuttering severity. The investigated cortical areas included pars opercularis (BA44), anterior and posterior pars triangularis (BA45), mouth area on the primary motor cortex (BA4).

B-Tensor: Brain Connectome Tensor Factorization for Alzheimer's Disease.

AD is the highly severe part of the dementia spectrum and impairs cognitive abilities of individuals, bringing economic, societal and psychological burdens beyond the diseased. A promising approach in AD research is the analysis of structural and functional brain connectomes, i.e.

The cerebral blood flow deficits in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment using arterial spin labeling MRI.

Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) is currently diagnosed based on an arbitrarily predefined standard deviation of neuropsychological test scores, and more objective biomarkers for PD-MCI diagnosis are needed. The purpose of this study was to define possible brain perfusion-based biomarkers of not only mild cognitive impairment, but also risky gene carriers in PD using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI). Fifteen healthy controls (HC), 26 cognitively normal PD (PD-CN), and 27 PD-MCI subjects participated in this study.