Which Gait Tasks Produce Reliable Outcome Measures of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease?

Background: Measurement of freezing of gait (FOG) relies on the sensitivity and reliability of tasks to provoke FOG. It is currently unclear which tasks provide the best outcomes and how medication state plays into this.

Objective: To establish the sensitivity and test-retest reliability of various FOG-provoking tasks for presence and severity of FOG, with (ON) and without (OFF) dopaminergic medication.

On-Demand Cueing for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Cueing can alleviate freezing of gait (FOG) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), but using the same cues continuously in daily life may compromise effectiveness. Therefore, we developed the DeFOG-system to deliver personalized auditory cues on detection of a FOG episode.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of DeFOG during a FOG-provoking protocol: (1) after 4 weeks of DeFOG-use in daily life against an active control group; (2) after immediate DeFOG-use (within-group) in different medication states.

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on learning in older adults with and without Parkinson's disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Older adults with and without Parkinson's disease show impaired retention after training of motor or cognitive skills. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to investigate whether adding transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to motor or cognitive training versus placebo boosts motor sequence and working memory training. The effects of interest were estimated between three time points, i.

Neural underpinnings of freezing-related dynamic balance control in people with Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) with freezing of gait (FOG; freezers) show impaired dynamic balance and experience falls more frequently compared to those without (non-freezers). Here, we explore the neural underpinnings of these freezing-related balance problems.

Methods: 12 freezers, 16 non-freezers and 14 controls performed a dynamic balance task in the lab.

Daily-Living Freezing of Gait as Quantified Using Wearables in People With Parkinson Disease: Comparison With Self-Report and Provocation Tests.

Objective: Freezing of gait (FOG) is an episodic, debilitating phenomenon that is common among people with Parkinson disease. Multiple approaches have been used to quantify FOG, but the relationships among them have not been well studied. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the associations among FOG measured during unsupervised daily-living monitoring, structured in-home FOG-provoking tests, and self-report.

Protocol for the DeFOG trial: A randomized controlled trial on the effects of smartphone-based, on-demand cueing for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a highly incapacitating symptom that affects many people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Cueing triggered upon real-time FOG detection (on-demand cueing) shows promise for FOG treatment. Yet, the feasibility of implementation and efficacy in daily life is still unknown.

A systematic review on exercise and training-based interventions for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.

Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes severe patient burden despite pharmacological management. Exercise and training are therefore advocated as important adjunct therapies. In this meta-analysis, we assess the existing evidence for such interventions to reduce FOG, and further examine which type of training helps the restoration of gait function in particular.