Endocytosis of insulin at the blood-brain barrier.

For insulin to act within the brain, it is primarily transported from the blood across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the endocytic machinery necessary for delivering insulin to the brain remains unknown. Additionally, there are processes within the brain endothelial cell that are designed to respond to insulin binding and elicit intracellular signaling.

Pneumopericardium after Laparoscopic Hernia Repair Presents with ST-segment Changes: A Case Report.

Introduction: Although rare, iatrogenic cases of pneumopericardium have been documented following laparoscopic surgery and mechanical ventilation. Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, including ST-segment depressions and T-wave inversions, have been documented in cases of pneumopericardium, and can mimic more concerning causes of chest pain including myocardial ischemia or pulmonary embolism.

Case Report: This unique case describes a patient who presented with chest pain and ST-segment changes on ECG hours after a laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair and who was found to have pneumopericardium.

The impact of acute rosiglitazone on insulin pharmacokinetics at the blood-brain barrier.

Introduction: CNS insulin levels are decreased and insulin receptor signalling is dampened in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing CNS insulin levels through a variety of methods has been shown to improve memory. Indeed, medications routinely used to improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes are now being repurposed for memory enhancement.

Functional morphogenesis from embryos to adults: Late development shapes trophic niche in coral reef damselfishes.

The damselfishes are one of the dominant coral reef fish lineages. Their ecological diversification has involved repeated transitions between pelagic feeding using fast bites and benthic feeding using forceful bites. A highly-integrative approach that combined gene expression assays, shape analyses, and high-speed video analyses was used to examine the development of trophic morphology in embryonic, larval, juvenile, and adult damselfishes.

Thyroid hormone modulation during zebrafish development recapitulates evolved diversity in danionin jaw protrusion mechanics.

Protrusile jaws are a highly useful innovation that has been linked to extensive diversification in fish feeding ecology. Jaw protrusion can enhance the performance of multiple functions, such as suction production and capturing elusive prey. Identifying the developmental factors that alter protrusion ability will improve our understanding of fish diversification.