Impact of Pluronic F-127 on the Stability of Quercetin-Loaded Liposomes: Insights from DSC Preformulation Studies.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the stability of DMPC:Pluronic F-127 and DPPC:Pluronic F-127 liposomes, both with and without incorporated quercetin. Quercetin belongs to the class of flavonoids and has shown antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial activities. Dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to investigate the cooperative behavior between liposomal components and its effect on stability.

Nanosimilars: A Scientific or A Regulatory Debate?

The paper highlights the necessity for a robust regulatory framework for assessing nanomedicines and their off-patent counterparts, termed as nanosimilar, which could be considered as 'similar' to the prototype nanomedicine,based on essential criteria describing the 'similarity'. The term 'similarity' should be focused on criteria that describe nanocarriers, encompassing their physicochemical, thermodynamic, morphological, and biological properties, including surface interactions and pharmacokinetics. Nanocarriers can be regarded as advanced self-assembled excipients (ASAEs) due to their complexity and chaotic behavior and should be evaluated by using essential criteria in order for off-patent nanomedicines be termed as nanosimilars, from a regulatory perspective.

Lipidic Nanoparticles, Extracellular Vesicles and Hybrid Platforms as Advanced Medicinal Products: Future Therapeutic Prospects for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, affect a wide variety of the population and pose significant challenges with progressive and irreversible neural cell loss. The limitations of brain-targeting therapies and the unclear molecular mechanisms driving neurodegeneration hamper the possibility of developing successful treatment options. Thus, nanoscale drug delivery platforms offer a promising solution.

Exosome-like genistein-loaded nanoparticles developed by thin-film hydration and 3D-printed Tesla microfluidic chip: A comparative study.

Exosomes are naturally derived information carriers that present interest as drug delivery systems. However, their vague cargo and isolation difficulties hinder their use in clinical practice. To overcome these limitations, we developed exosome-like nanoparticles, consisted of the main lipids of exosomes, using two distinct methods: thin-film hydration and 3D-printed microfluidics.

Development of Liposomal and Liquid Crystalline Lipidic Nanoparticles with Non-Ionic Surfactants for Quercetin Incorporation.

The aim of the present study is the development, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of both empty and quercetin-loaded HSPC (hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine) liposomes, GMO (glyceryl monooleate) liquid crystalline nanoparticles, and PHYT (phytantriol) liquid crystalline nanoparticles. Specifically, HSPC phospholipids were mixed with different non-ionic surfactant molecules (Tween 80 and/or Span 80) for liposomal formulations, whereas both GMO and PHYT lipids were mixed with Span 80 and Tween 80 as alternative stabilizers, as well as with Poloxamer P407 in different ratios for liquid crystalline formulations. Subsequently, their physicochemical properties, such as size, size distribution, and ζ-potential were assessed by the dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS/ELS) techniques in both aqueous and biological medium with serum proteins.

The Regulatory Landscape of New Health Technologies and Nanotechnologies: The Role of Complexity of Nanosystems.

Herein we present the modern issue of new health technologies that emerge in Medicine and Therapeutics, with regard to their development, regulatory framework, approval, and post-approval monitoring. The European law and legislation distinguish the various subcategories of health technologies in medicinal products, medical devices, biotechnological products, advanced therapy medicinal products, and nanomedicinal products. Each of these categories presents its own distinctive characteristics, based on principles that regard the development technology and intended therapeutic use, and, as a result, is defined by a unique regulatory framework inside the European legislation environment.

Interaction of Tannin with Lipid Nanoparticles: Implication for the Formulation of a Tannin-Liposome Hybrid Biomaterial with Antibacterial Activity.

Tannins are natural plant origin polyphenols that are promising compounds for pharmacological applications due to their strong and different biological activities, including antibacterial activity. Our previous studies demonstrated that sumac tannin, i.e.

Concomitant delivery of doxorubicin and cisplatin through liposome-based thermosensitive nanoparticles: perspective in the treatment of cancer in animal models.

The temperature sensitive liposomal formulations are a promising tool to improve the therapeutic index of the drugs with minimal toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of concomitant delivery of cisplatin (Cis) and doxorubicin (Dox) containing thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) with mild hyperthermia against cancer and . The polyethylene glycol coated DPPC/DSPC, thermosensitive and DSPC, non-thermosensitive liposomes incorporating Cis and Dox were prepared and characterized.

A mini review for lipid-based nanovaccines: from their design to their applications.

Nanovaccines have shown to be effective, and this is the reason they are preferred than conventional vaccines. The scope of this review is to describe the role, mechanisms, and advantages of nano vaccines based on lipids, and present the most important types, their physicochemical characteristics, as well as their challenges. The most important categories of lipid nano-vaccines are liposomal nano vaccines and (virus-lipid nanoparticles (NPs)/virosomes.

Method of Simultaneous Analysis of Liposome Components Using HPTLC/FID.

Liposomes are composed of different kinds of lipids or lipophilic substances and are used as carriers of bioactive molecules. The characterization of the prepared liposomes consists of the calculation of the drug-to-lipid-molar ratio by measuring the lipids and the encapsulated molecule.The present work describes an analytical methodology for the simultaneous determination of all the lipid ingredients of liposome formulation using thin-layer chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (TLC/FID), employing the least possible sample quantity.

Synthesis and Testing of Analogs of the Tuberculosis Drug Candidate SQ109 against Bacteria and Protozoa: Identification of Lead Compounds against and Malaria Parasites.

SQ109 is a tuberculosis drug candidate that has high potency against and is thought to function at least in part by blocking cell wall biosynthesis by inhibiting the MmpL3 transporter. It also has activity against bacteria and protozoan parasites that lack MmpL3, where it can act as an uncoupler, targeting lipid membranes and Ca homeostasis. Here, we synthesized 18 analogs of SQ109 and tested them against , , , , and , as well as against the protozoan parasites , , , , and .

Development of stimuli-responsive lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles targeting lysosomes: Physicochemical, morphological and drug release studies.

The abilities of sub-cellular targeting and stimuli-responsiveness are critical challenges in pharmaceutical nanotechnology. In the present study, glyceryl monooleate (GMO)-based non-lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles were stabilized by the poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(lauryl methacrylate) block copolymer carrying tri-phenyl-phosphine cations (TPP-QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA), either used alone or in combination with other polymers as co-stabilizers. The systems were designed to perform simultaneously sub-cellular targeting, stimuli-responsiveness and to exhibit stealthiness.

Amphiphilic Copolymer-Lipid Chimeric Nanosystems as DNA Vectors.

Lipid-polymer chimeric (hybrid) nanosystems are promising platforms for the design of effective gene delivery vectors. In this regard, we developed DNA nanocarriers comprised of a novel poly[(stearyl methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] [P(SMA-co-OEGMA)] amphiphilic random copolymer, the cationic 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP), and the zwitterionic L-α-phosphatidylcholine, hydrogenated soybean (soy) (HSPC) lipids. Chimeric HSPC:DOTAP:P[(SMA-co-OEGMA)] nanosystems, and pure lipid nanosystems as reference, were prepared in several molar ratios of the components.

Development of Ulvan-Containing Liposomes as Antibacterial Drug Delivery Platforms.

Liposomes, due to their safety profile and targeting ability, are among the most studied nanocarriers as antimicrobial delivery systems. However, due to lack of stability and the non-specific interaction of liposomes with cells and proteins, their use is relatively limited. Aiming to overcome these drawbacks, it was envisaged that incorporation of ulvan, a bioactive marine sulfated polysaccharide isolated from green algae, in liposomes could improve their physicochemical properties and overall stability.

Lipid-based nanoparticles and RNA as innovative neuro-therapeutics.

RNA-delivery is a promising tool to develop therapies for difficult to treat diseases such as neurological disorders, by silencing pathological genes or expressing therapeutic proteins. However, in many cases RNA delivery requires a vesicle that could effectively protect the molecule from bio-degradation, bypass barriers i.e.

and activity of thermosensitive liposomes loaded with doxorubicin and cisplatin.

Thermosensitive liposomes loaded with cisplatin and doxorubicin composed of DPPC, DSPC, and DPPE-PEG5000 with different ratios were prepared by thin film hydration method. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curves showed that the liposomes composed of DPPC-DSPC-DPPE-PEG5000 with phospholipid ratio 95:5:0.05 were a suitable formulation as thermosensitive liposomes with a DSC peak at 42.

Aqueous Heat Method for the Preparation of Hybrid Lipid-Polymer Structures: From Preformulation Studies to Protein Delivery.

Liposomes with adjuvant properties are utilized to carry biomolecules, such as proteins, that are often sensitive to the stressful conditions of liposomal preparation processes. The aim of the present study is to use the aqueous heat method for the preparation of polymer-grafted hybrid liposomes without any additional technique for size reduction. Towards this scope, liposomes were prepared through the combination of two different lipids with adjuvant properties, namely dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) and D-(+)-trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) and the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA-b-PDMAEMA).

Protein-liposome interactions: the impact of surface charge and fluidisation effect on protein binding.

At the dawn of a new nanotechnological era in the pharmaceutical field, it is very important to examine and understand all the aspects that influence in vivo behaviour of nanoparticles. In this point of view, the interactions between serum proteins and liposomes with incorporated anionic, cationic, and/or PEGylated lipids were investigated to elucidate the role of surface charge and bilayer fluidity in protein corona's formation. 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (DPPC), hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC), and 1,2-dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) liposomes with the presence or absence of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DPPG), 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-3-trimethylammonium-propane (chloride salt) (DOTAP), and/or 1,2-dipalmitoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-5000] (DPPE-PEG 5000) lipids were prepared by the thin-film hydration method.

Losartan Interactions with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-CD.

Losartan potassium salt (LSR) is a well-known antihypertensive drug with proven beneficial effects on human health. Its formulation with the non-toxic 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD) could improve its pharmacological profile. Thus, its molecular interactions are studied using a combination of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Molecular Dynamics (MD).

Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanostructures as Drug Delivery Systems and Vaccine Platforms.

Lyotropic liquid crystals result from the self-assembly process of amphiphilic molecules, such as lipids, into water, being organized in different mesophases. The non-lamellar formed mesophases, such as bicontinuous cubic (cubosomes) and inverse hexagonal (hexosomes), attract great scientific interest in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology. In the present review, an overview of the engineering and characterization of non-lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline nanosystems (LLCN) is provided, focusing on their advantages as drug delivery nanocarriers and innovative vaccine platforms.

Hydrophilic Random Cationic Copolymers as Polyplex-Formation Vectors for DNA.

Research on the improvement and fabrication of polymeric systems as non-viral gene delivery carriers is required for their implementation in gene therapy. Random copolymers have not been extensively utilized for these purposes. In this regard, double hydrophilic poly[(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-co-(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] [P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA)] random copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.

Development and physicochemical characterization of nanoliposomes with incorporated oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol.

Oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol comprise characteristic polyphenols of olive with high biological value. However, stability problems hinder their further investigation. Thus, in the present study they were incorporated in nanoliposomes by thin film hydration method.

Liposomes: Production Methods and Application in Alzheimer's Disease.

Liposomes and lipidic vehicles are nanotechnological platforms that are present in the clinic and industry, with extensive application and much potential in the field of therapeutics. Currently, the obstacles associated with the pathology and physiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) in general have rendered it impossible to find an effective therapy for these conditions. The only achievement of the available drugs and treatments is that they have succeeded in temporarily alleviating the symptoms and assisting patients in carrying on with their activities of daily living, but they do not delay, let alone halt, the progression of the diseases.

Advanced Health Technologies and Nanotechnologies in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The fields of medicine and therapeutics have lately turned towards more modern approaches for the therapy of diseases. These approaches have been classified as new health technologies and various issues that regard their development, application in therapy, regulatory framework, approval and post-approval monitoring have emerged. In the European environment, the law and legislation distinguish new health technologies in certain subcategories, namely, medicinal products, medical devices, biotechnological products, advanced therapy medicinal products and nanomedicinal products.