Early versus late surgical management of complicated appendicitis in children: A statewide database analysis with one-year follow-up.

Background: Complicated appendicitis is common in children, yet the timing of surgical management remains controversial. Some support initial antibiotics with delayed operation whereas others support immediate operation. While a few randomized trials have evaluated this question, they have been small, single-center trials with limited follow-up.

Platelets regulate lymphatic vascular development through CLEC-2-SLP-76 signaling.

Although platelets appear by embryonic day 10.5 in the developing mouse, an embryonic role for these cells has not been identified. The SYK-SLP-76 signaling pathway is required in blood cells to regulate embryonic blood-lymphatic vascular separation, but the cell type and molecular mechanism underlying this regulatory pathway are not known.

Maternal alloantibodies induce a postnatal immune response that limits engraftment following in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation in mice.

The lack of fetal immune responses to foreign antigens, i.e., fetal immunologic tolerance, is the most compelling rationale for prenatal stem cell and gene therapy.