Poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep of a collegiate student-athlete population.

Objective: Poor and inadequate sleep negatively impact cognitive and physical functioning and may also affect sports performance. The study aim is to examine sleep quality, sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness in collegiate student-athletes across a wide range of sports.

Design: Questionnaire.

Short Daytime Naps Briefly Attenuate Objectively Measured Sleepiness Under Chronic Sleep Restriction.

Study Objectives: Napping is a useful countermeasure to the negative effects of acute sleep loss on alertness. The efficacy of naps to recover from chronic sleep loss is less well understood.

Methods: Following 2 baseline nights (10 hours' time-in-bed), participants were restricted to 7 nights of 5-hour sleep opportunity.

Sleep-deprived motor vehicle operators are unfit to drive: a multidisciplinary expert consensus statement on drowsy driving.

Objectives: This article presents the consensus findings of the National Sleep Foundation Drowsy Driving Consensus Working Group, which was an expert panel assembled to establish a consensus statement regarding sleep-related driving impairment.

Methods: The National Sleep Foundation assembled a expert panel comprised of experts from the sleep community and experts appointed by stakeholder organizations. A systematic literature review identified 346 studies that were abstracted and provided to the panelists for review.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on neurocognitive function in obstructive sleep apnea patients: The Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES).

Study Objective: To determine the neurocognitive effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES) was a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, 2-arm, sham-controlled, multicenter trial conducted at 5 U.S.

The effects of sleep extension on the athletic performance of collegiate basketball players.

Study Objectives: To investigate the effects of sleep extension over multiple weeks on specific measures of athletic performance as well as reaction time, mood, and daytime sleepiness.

Setting: Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic and Research Laboratory and Maples Pavilion, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

Participants: Eleven healthy students on the Stanford University men's varsity basketball team (mean age 19.

The association between obstructive sleep apnea and neurocognitive performance--the Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES).

Study Objectives: To determine associations between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and neurocognitive performance in a large cohort of adults.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analyses of polysomnographic and neurocognitive data from 1204 adult participants with a clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES), assessed at baseline before randomization to either continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or sham CPAP.

Measurements: Sleep and respiratory indices obtained by laboratory polysomnography and several measures of neurocognitive performance.

Awareness of sleepiness and ability to predict sleep onset: can drivers avoid falling asleep at the wheel?

Objectives: Regarding the causes of sleep-related accidents, this study assesses whether individuals can anticipate sleep onset accurately and how individuals acknowledge and use physiological and cognitive cues to make judgments related to sleep onset.

Methods: A group of 41 partially sleep-deprived subjects predicted the likelihood of sleep in 30 consecutive two-minute intervals and noted physiological and cognitive signs of sleepiness, including involuntary eye closure, head-nodding, wandering thoughts, yawns, and instances of sleep, collectively referred to as "sleep complaints". Continuous polysomnographic recording compared these predictions to actual instances of sleep.

History of the development of sleep medicine in the United States.

Sleep Medicine has only recently been recognized as a specialty of medicine. Its development is based on an increasing amount of knowledge concerning the physiology of sleep, circadian biology and the pathophysiology of sleep disorders. This review chronicles the major advances in sleep science over the past 70 years and the development of the primary organizations responsible for the emergence of Sleep Medicine as a specialty, sleep disorders as a public health concern and sleep science as an important area of research.

The Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES): rationale, design, methods, and procedures.

Study Objective: To assess the size, time course, and durability of the effects of long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on neurocognitive function, mood, sleepiness, and quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Design: Randomized, double-blinded, 2-arm, sham-controlled, multicenter, long-term, intention-to-treat trial of CPAP therapy.

Setting: Sleep clinics and laboratories at 5 university medical centers and community-based hospitals.

Armodafinil, the R-enantiomer of modafinil: wake-promoting effects and pharmacokinetic profile in the rat.

Modafinil reduces the excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome, and shift work sleep disorder. In rats, modafinil promotes dose-dependent increases in wake duration. The wake-promoting activity of the R-enantiomer of modafinil (armodafinil) was evaluated in WKY rats and compared to the classical stimulant, D-methamphetamine.

History of sleep medicine.

Sleeping and dreaming always have been a fundamental part of human existence. Most early writing on these subjects was almost entirely speculation. During the twentieth century, however, scientific observation and experimentation abounded.

Sleep extension: getting as much extra sleep as possible.

Nearly all people, whether they consider themselves sleep deprived or not, can initially obtain extra sleep. However, as accumulating extra sleep reduces carryover sleep debt, a point is reached where it is no longer possible to obtain extra sleep. If there were a practical method to make a precise measurement of a person's daily sleep requirement, it may be possible to show that most individuals are carrying a very large sleep debt.

The impact of extended sleep on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood.

Background And Purpose: To measure the effects of prolonged sleep extension on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood in healthy young adults. Little research has documented the effects of increased sleep on daytime function despite a high prevalence of daytime fatigue and sleepiness in the adult population. Past extension studies report conflicting results with regard to Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) scores, vigilance, and mood ratings.

Comparison of actigraphic, polysomnographic, and subjective assessment of sleep parameters in sleep-disordered patients.

Objective: Comparison of polysomnography (PSG)-derived sleep parameters (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and number of awakenings) to those derived from actigraphy and subjective questionnaires.

Background: Actigraphy is commonly used to assist sleep specialists in the diagnosis of various sleep and circadian-rhythm disorders. However, few validation studies incorporate large sample sizes, typical sleep clinic patients, or comparisons with subjective reports of sleep parameters.

Technical protocol for the use of esophageal manometry in the diagnosis of sleep-related breathing disorders.

A time-tested protocol for intrathoracic pressure monitoring during sleep is described. This method of esophageal manometry uses a fluid-filled catheter to measure variations in transmitted intrathoracic pressure with respiration. Esophageal manometry is an invaluable tool for the sleep specialist in the diagnosis of sleep-related breathing disorders, especially for detecting cases of upper airway resistance syndrome and for distinguishing subtle central apneas from obstructive events.

Restless legs syndrome symptoms in primary care: a prevalence study.

Background: There are relatively few studies on the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in the general population, even fewer that used diagnostic questions covering all 4 essential diagnostic criteria defining the RLS symptom complex, and none that have reported on the 2 RLS phenotypes for patients seen by family physicians.

Methods: To determine the prevalence of the symptom complex, diagnostic for RLS in a primary care patient population, a prospective population-based single-center study was performed. Every adult patient presenting for care in a small rural primary care practice with mostly white patients was surveyed for a 1-year period using a validated RLS diagnostic questionnaire.

Teaching family medicine medical students about sleep disorders.

Objectives: A 3.5-hour workshop was developed to teach family medicine medical students about sleep disorders.

Description: This family medicine clerkship requirement engages students in role-plays and provides them with didactic information about common sleep problems.

Symptom-Based Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in an Adult Primary Care Population.

The prevalence of sleep disorders in a primary care physician practice in Moscow, Idaho, was studied between February 7, 1997, and February 6, 1998. This primary care clinic visit population was surveyed for this 1-year period. Every patient above the age of 18 years who visited the Moscow Clinic in this time period was either approached by our on-site researcher during the patient's clinic visit or contacted via mail.