Global Matrix 4.0 on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents: Project Evolution, Process Evaluation, and Future Recommendations.

Background: The Global Matrix initiative provides unique insights into child and adolescent physical activity (PA) worldwide, yet requires substantial human efforts and financial support.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the process and outcomes of the latest edition of the initiative, the Global Matrix 4.0, reflect on its evolution from earlier editions, and provide recommendations for future Global Matrices.

Characteristics of therapeutic and diagnostic errors in the management of traumatic brain injury by healthcare professionals: insights from forensic medical examinations on the quality of medical care.

Objective: Aim: To identify defects in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) committed by medical personnel at various stages of providing medical care based on the results of forensic medical examinations.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: The article based on the study of medical care defects in cases of TBI. The research was conducted according to the data of forensic medical examinations by the SI "Main Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" from 2012 to 2021.

Brain-based correlates of depression and traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.

Introduction: Depression is prevalent after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is a lack of understanding of the brain-based correlates of depression post-TBI. This systematic review aimed to synthesize findings of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies to identify consistently reported neural correlates of depression post-TBI.

Target engagement of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex with transcranial temporal interference stimulation in major depressive disorder: a protocol for a randomized sham-controlled trial.

Background: Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a new, emerging neurostimulation technology that utilizes two or more electric fields at specific frequencies to modulate the oscillations of neurons at a desired spatial location in the brain. The physics of tTIS offers the advantage of modulating deep brain structures in a non-invasive fashion and with minimal stimulation of the overlying cortex outside of a selected target. As such, tTIS can be effectively employed in the context of therapeutics for the psychiatric disease of disrupted brain connectivity, such as major depressive disorder (MDD).

Transcranial alternating current stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review of treatment parameters and outcomes.

Background: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) alters cortical excitability with low-intensity alternating current and thereby modulates aberrant brain oscillations. Despite the recent increase in studies investigating the feasibility and efficacy of tACS in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, its mechanisms, as well as optimal stimulation parameters, are not fully understood.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to compile human research on tACS for neuropsychiatric disorders to delineate typical treatment parameters for these conditions and evaluate its outcomes.

The Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Gamma-Band Alterations in Psychiatric Disorders.

Investigating the biophysiological substrates of psychiatric illnesses is of great interest to our understanding of disorders' etiology, the identification of reliable biomarkers, and potential new therapeutic avenues. Schizophrenia represents a consolidated model of γ alterations arising from the aberrant activity of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons, whose dysfunction is associated with perineuronal net impairment and neuroinflammation. This model of pathogenesis is supported by molecular, cellular, and functional evidence.

Botulinum Toxin Injections for Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Trial Landscape.

Botulinum toxin type A (BONT-A) has shown promise in improving the mood-related symptoms of psychiatric disorders by targeting muscles linked to the expression of negative emotions. We conducted a systematic review of past and ongoing efficacy trials of BONT-A therapy for psychiatric disorders to identify relevant trends in the field and discuss the refinement of therapeutic techniques. A comprehensive search for published clinical trials using BONT-A injections for psychiatric disorders was performed on 4 May 2023 through OVID databases (MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO).

CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION OF THE CIRCULATION OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS ACCORDING TO THE LEGISLATION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA AND THE SWISS CONFEDERATION.

The purpose of the article is to find out the scope of the criminal law protection of the circulation of medicinal products according to the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Austria, and the Swiss Confederation. The materials of the research were the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Austria, and the Swiss Confederation. Dialectical, axiological, comparative, and legal methods were applied during the research.

Quantifying the effects of practicing a semantic task according to subclinical schizotypy.

The learning ability of individuals within the schizophrenia spectrum is crucial for their psychosocial rehabilitation. When selecting a treatment, it is thus essential to consider the impact of medications on practice effects, an important type of learning ability. To achieve this end goal, a pre-treatment test has to be developed and tested in healthy participants first.

Amygdala biomarkers of treatment response in major depressive disorder: An fMRI systematic review of SSRI antidepressants.

Functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated abnormal activity and functional connectivity (FC) of the amygdala among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), which may be rectified with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. This systematic review aimed to identify changes in the amygdala on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans among individuals with MDD who received SSRIs. A search for fMRI studies examining amygdala correlates of SSRI response via fMRI was conducted through OVID (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase).

Prioritizing a research agenda on built environments and physical activity: a twin panel Delphi consensus process with researchers and knowledge users.

Background: The growth of urban dwelling populations globally has led to rapid increases of research and policy initiatives addressing associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA). Given this rapid proliferation, it is important to identify priority areas and research questions for moving the field forward. The objective of this study was to identify and compare research priorities on the built environment and PA among researchers and knowledge users (e.

Point Defects in Silicon-Doped β-GaO: Hybrid-DFT Calculations.

In this work, hybrid density functional theory calculations are used to evaluate the structural and electronic properties and formation energies of Si-doped β-GaO. Overall, eight interstitial (Si) and two substitutional (Si) positions are considered. In general, our results indicate that the formation energy of such systems is significantly influenced by the charge state of the defect.

ANALYSIS OF DEFECTS IN THE FORENSIC MEDICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES DISCOVERED DURING THE EXAMINATION OF PERSONS WHO DIED FROM TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.

Objective: The aim: To identify the main groups of expert defects that arise during the forensic assessment of changes detected during the examination of persons who died from a traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: A total of 102 repeated commission forensic medical examinations with changed conclusions in corpses with TBI were analyzed. Data processing and analysis were conducted using statistical methods.

Finding normal-to-better neurocognitive indexes in individuals with schizotypal traits using a social role task.

Schizophrenia patients make more errors and have longer reaction times (RTs) than healthy controls in most cognitive tasks. Deficits are also observed in subclinical participants having high scores on the schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ). They are accompanied by smaller amplitudes of the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) that index attention and semantic- and working-memory.

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Scandia-Ceria-Stabilized Zirconia Composites with Different Transport Properties.

This work aims to study a possible modification in the electronic structure of scandia-ceria-stabilized zirconia (10Sc1CeSZ) ceramics sintered at different temperatures. In addition to using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and impedance spectroscopy to investigate the structural and electrical properties, we employed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the chemical state information of the atoms involved, along with compositional analysis. As expected, a significant increase in grain ionic conductivity with the sintering temperature was present.

THE PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL EMPLOYEES IN THE CONTEXT OF CERTAIN FORMS OF COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES.

Objective: The aim: Based on the specifics of the criminal legislation, which provides liability for collaborative activity, it is necessary to offer an adequate understanding of the limits of the criminal liability of pharmaceutical employees for these criminal offenses, as well as to determine the characteristics of the components of these criminal offenses related to the pharmaceutical activities carried out by pharmaceutical employees.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The conducted research is based on the analysis of the provisions of the criminal legislation of Ukraine and Georgia.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The main problems of criminal liability for collaboration activities by pharmaceutical employees are connected to the following: without clari-fication of the aforementioned criminal offenses, it is impossible to specify the limits of criminal liability.

ANALYSIS OF DEFECTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY FOR THE DECEASED WITHIN 24 HOURS FOLLOWING ADMISSION.

Objective: The aim: To conduct the analysis of medical records with the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury for the deceased within 24 hours following admission to Clinical Emergency Hospital.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The study was aimed at a retrospective analysis of 102 cases of the lethality of the deceased within 24 hours following admission to Clinical Emergency Hospital for 2012-2019 in cases of traumatic brain injury. Medical histories of the deceased and data from the forensic autopsy had been analyzed.

Manipulating facial musculature with functional electrical stimulation as an intervention for major depressive disorder: a focused search of literature for a proposal.

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive deficits expressed throughout the body, particularly the facial musculature. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, afferent feedback from the facial muscles suffices to alter the emotional experience. Thus, manipulating the facial muscles could provide a new "mind-body" intervention for MDD.

The course of insomnia symptoms during the acute treatment of major depressive disorder: A CAN-BIND-1 report.

Despite considerable efforts to study the relationship between insomnia and depression, there is minimal research investigating whether insomnia symptoms change over time during a course of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. This study investigated the course of insomnia symptoms during the acute treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) using a secondary analysis of data from MDD patients (N = 180) who were treated with open-label escitalopram (10-20 mg/day) for 8-weeks. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale without sleep item (modified-MADRS) assessed depression and Self-reported Quick Inventory Depressive Scale (QIDS-SR) measured subjective sleep-onset, mid-nocturnal, and early-morning insomnia throughout 8-weeks of treatment.

Local Injection for Treating Mood Disorders (LIFT-MOOD): A Pilot Feasibility RCT of Stellate Ganglion Block for Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Background: With nearly one-third of patients with major depressive disorder being resistant to available antidepressants, there is a need to develop new treatments for this population. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is a procedure used to block sympathetic input to the central autonomic system; it has been administered to treat several conditions, including pain. Recently, indications for SGB have extended and the potential benefits for psychiatric disorders are under investigation.

GAT inhibition preserves cerebral blood flow and reduces oxidant damage to mitochondria in rodents exposed to extreme hyperbaric oxygen.

Oxygen breathing at elevated partial pressures (PO's) at or more than 3 atmospheres absolute (ATA) causes a reduction in brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels that impacts the development of central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT). Drugs that increase brain GABA content delay the onset of CNS-OT, but it is unknown if oxidant damage is lessened because brain tissue PO remains elevated during hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposures. Experiments were performed in rats and mice to measure brain GABA levels with or without GABA transporter inhibitors (GATs) and its influence on cerebral blood flow, oxidant damage, and aspects of mitochondrial quality control signaling (mitophagy and biogenesis).

Efficacy of ketamine for comorbid depression and acute or chronic pain: A systematic review.

Pain and depression frequently co-occur. Due to its antidepressant and analgesic properties, ketamine has been used for the management of treatment-resistant depression and pain. This systematic review examined the literature on the efficacy of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine in individuals experiencing comorbid depression and chronic pain (CDCP), as well as comorbid depression and acute pain (CDAP).